Sara Marcus, "Political Disappointment: A Cultural History from Reconstruction to the AIDS Crisis" (Harvard UP, 2023)
Sep 30, 2023
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Author and cultural historian Sara Marcus discusses her new book on political disappointment and its role in shaping American culture. She explores works by prominent figures like W. E. B. Du Bois, Charles Chesnutt, and Adrienne Rich that express the anguish of different eras. The podcast also delves into the changing political analysis of the Communist Party in the 1930s and explores the origins of backlash against second wave feminism.
Disappointment shaped the work and perspectives of literary figures like Charles Chestnut, Tilly Olson, and W.E.B. Dubois as they grappled with the impact of setbacks on political engagement.
Work songs and the incorporation of audible and visual cues reflected changing understandings of progress and political strategy during the 1930s.
In the civil rights movement, vocal protests and clashes over chants and songs revealed the tensions and different approaches within the movement.
Deep dives
Chapter One: Disappointment as a recurrent experience in political life
Chapter One explores the concept of disappointment as a recurring experience in the political landscape of the United States in the 20th century. It begins with the failure of reconstruction after the Civil War and the subsequent rollback of progress for African Americans. The chapter focuses on literary figures such as Charles Chestnut, Tilly Olson, and W.E.B. Dubois, who grappled with the idea of progress and the impact of disappointment on political engagement. It highlights Chestnut's novel 'The Marrow of Tradition,' Dubois' collection of essays 'The Souls of Black Folk,' and Ella Shepard's musical transcriptions as examples of how disappointment shaped their work and perspectives on history.
Chapter Two: The role of work songs in political activism
Chapter Two examines the significance of work songs in political activism during the 1930s. It discusses the works of musician Ledbelly and writer Tilly Olson in relation to the shifting ideological landscape within the Communist Party. Ledbelly's use of audible sounds associated with manual labor in his recordings, along with Olson's incorporation of visual and language cues in her fiction, reflect the changing understandings of progress and political strategy during that time.
Chapter Three: The contested sounds of the civil rights movement
Chapter Three delves into the civil rights movement and analyzes the role of sounds and chants as forms of contestation and expression. Specifically, it examines a march in Mississippi in 1966, where competing factions, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and Stokely Carmichael, clashed over the use of certain chants and songs. The chapter highlights the importance of vocal protests and the tensions between different approaches within the movement.
Chapter Four: The feminist movements and the power of visuality
Chapter Four explores the feminist movements of the 1970s and 1980s, particularly the emergence of backlash and the shift towards visuality within feminist discourse. It examines how the emphasis on visual representation and vision challenged the centrality of women's voices within feminism. The chapter focuses on the works of feminist theorists Audre Lorde and Hortense Spillers, as well as feminist newsletters, to illustrate the transformation and challenges faced by the feminist movement.
Chapter Five: The AIDS crisis and the proximity of death
Chapter Five examines the AIDS crisis and its impact on disappointment and political activism. It discusses the changing concept of disappointment as the proximity of death became intertwined with political struggle during this period. The chapter analyzes the works of filmmaker Marlon Riggs and artist David Vina Rovitch, exploring how their art responded to the onslaught of death and disappointment caused by the crisis. It also discusses the emergence of AIDS activism and the sense of disappointment it faced when a cure was not immediately found.
Moving from the aftermath of Reconstruction through the AIDS crisis, a new cultural history of the United States shows how artists, intellectuals, and activists turned political disappointment--the unfulfilled desire for change--into a basis for solidarity.
Sara Marcus argues that the defining texts in twentieth-century American cultural history are records of political disappointment. Through insightful and often surprising readings of literature and sound, Marcus offers a new cultural history of the last century, in which creative minds observed the passing of moments of possibility, took stock of the losses sustained, and fostered intellectual revolutions and unexpected solidarities.
Political Disappointment: A Cultural History from Reconstruction to the AIDS Crisis (Harvard UP, 2023) shows how, by confronting disappointment directly, writers and artists helped to produce new political meanings and possibilities. Marcus first analyzes works by W. E. B. Du Bois, Charles Chesnutt, Pauline Hopkins, and the Fisk Jubilee Singers that expressed the anguish of the early Jim Crow era, during which white supremacy thwarted the rebuilding of the country as a multiracial democracy. In the ensuing decades, the Popular Front work songs and stories of Lead Belly and Tillie Olsen, the soundscapes of the civil rights and Black Power movements, the feminist poetry of Audre Lorde and Adrienne Rich, and the queer art of Marlon Riggs and David Wojnarowicz continued building the century-long archive of disappointment. Marcus shows how defeat time and again gave rise to novel modes of protest and new forms of collective practice, keeping alive the dream of a better world.
Disappointment has proved to be a durable, perhaps even inevitable, feature of the democratic project, yet so too has the resistance it precipitates. Marcus's unique history of the twentieth century reclaims the unrealized desire for liberation as a productive force in American literature and life.