The virus that infects almost everyone, and its link to cancer and MS
Mar 28, 2024
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Lawrence Young, Professor of molecular oncology, discusses the 60th anniversary of Epstein-Barr virus discovery linking it to cancer and MS. They explore the virus's role in 1% of cancers, its connection to MS, and challenges in vaccine development.
The Epstein-Barr Virus is the first virus linked to cancer in humans, leading to breakthroughs like the HPV vaccine for cancer prevention.
EBV plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), sparking research on potential treatments and preventive measures.
Deep dives
Discovery of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and its Impact on Cancer
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) was discovered 60 years ago and is known to be the most common infection in humans, residing quietly in the body after infection. While many remain asymptomatic, those infected during adolescence may experience conditions like glandular fever. EBV's significance lies in its association with cancer, being the first virus linked to cancer in humans. This discovery has paved the way for understanding how viruses contribute to cancer development, leading to breakthroughs like the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention.
EBV's Role in Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Diseases
Apart from cancer, EBV is implicated in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting one in 500 people in the UK. Studies confirm that EBV positivity is a prerequisite for developing MS. Research suggests that EBV plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of MS. Based on this understanding, there are ongoing efforts to harness EBV-specific T cells and vaccines as potential treatments and preventive measures for MS and other EBV-related illnesses.
Challenges and Future Research on EBV and its Impact
Despite its negative health implications, due to its prevalence and evolutionary history, completely eradicating EBV through vaccines raises concerns. The debate shifts towards developing more effective treatments like antiviral drugs and vaccines while considering the potential benefits of EBV in immune system regulation. Future research aims to better understand EBV's mechanisms, enhance treatments for EBV-associated tumors, and address gaps in antiviral drug development to improve patient outcomes.
On 28 March it’s the 60th anniversary of the discovery of Epstein-Barr virus, the most common viral infection in humans. The virus was first discovered in association with a rare type of cancer located in Africa, but is now understood to be implicated in 1% of cancers, as well as the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, among others. Ian Sample meets Lawrence Young, professor of molecular oncology at Warwick Medical School, to hear the story of this virus, and how understanding it might help us prevent and treat cancer and other illnesses.. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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