Episode 56: Alexander Rose, Historian

Candide, written by Voltaire, is a satirical novel that critiques metaphysical optimism, particularly the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. The story revolves around Candide, a naive and optimistic young man who is expelled from his home after an illicit affair with the baron's daughter, Cunégonde. Candide and his companions, including his tutor Pangloss, experience a series of horrific events such as wars, earthquakes, slavery, and other atrocities. Despite these hardships, Pangloss persists in his belief that 'all is for the best in this best of all possible worlds. ' The novel ultimately concludes with Candide and his friends settling on a farm in Turkey, where they find happiness by focusing on practical, everyday tasks rather than philosophical speculations. Voltaire uses satire to lampoon various aspects of 18th-century society, including science, philosophy, religion, and government.

In 'The Face of Battle', John Keegan explores the human experience of combat by examining the mechanics and psychology of warfare in three distinct historical periods. The book focuses on the common soldier's perspective, analyzing the physical and mental aspects of battle and challenging traditional myths about warfare. It is a companion volume to Keegan's 'The Mask of Command', together forming a seminal work in military and human history.