
New Books in Critical Theory Mercedes Valmisa, "All Things Act" (Oxford UP, 2025)
Jan 13, 2026
Mercedes Valmisa, a philosopher and professor at Gettysburg College, delves into her groundbreaking work, All Things Act. She challenges traditional views of agency, arguing it's a collective, relational phenomenon involving both human and nonhuman actors. Valmisa discusses how intentions are emergent, shaped by social-material practices rather than internal thoughts. She also highlights concepts like wu wei as facilitative of self-organization and explores the urgent need for non-cruel optimism in distributing responsibility and cultivating ethical relationships.
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Agency Is A Networked Process
- Agency emerges from networks of human and nonhuman actors rather than residing inside individuals.
- Writing a book requires language, tools, institutions, bodies, and material conditions that collectively produce the action.
Shift From Substances To Relations
- Philosophy of action should align with relational and processual turns across sciences and metaphysics.
- Start from dynamic relations and ask how agency emerges within the world, not how it connects to a sovereign agent.
Intentions Are Emergent Explanations
- Intentions are not pre-existing mental objects but emerge in explanatory practices and contexts.
- Attributing intentionality depends on shared norms, material conditions, and social practices that make actions intelligible.






