Historian Kate Gibson, author of *Illegitimacy, Family, and Stigma in England*, dives into the shocking realities of 18th-century illegitimacy. She explores the harsh societal stigma faced by children born out of wedlock and the evolving attitudes towards female sexuality. The discussion highlights the intriguing case of William IV and his illegitimate children, and digs into how historical biases continue to ripple into modern times. Kate also examines the emotional struggles of these children and the impact of changing laws on single mothers.
The historical stigma of illegitimacy led to significant social and legal consequences for both mothers and their children throughout the centuries.
Societal attitudes have evolved, yet remnants of stigma and judgment persist, particularly affecting the economic realities of single parents today.
Deep dives
The Stigma of Illegitimacy in History
Illegitimacy has been historically stigmatized, with significant legal and social consequences for both the child and the mother. Until 1987, illegitimate children in Britain faced legal disadvantages, such as the inability to inherit property or gain access to certain welfare benefits. This stigma was profoundly rooted in societal perceptions of morality and family structures, linking illegitimacy to sin and shame. The podcast discusses how such prejudices evolved over centuries, including societal attitudes in the 18th and 19th centuries, revealing the long-standing negative implications for illegitimate individuals.
Impact on Mothers and Children
Mothers of illegitimate children faced immense pressure and stigma, often left to struggle alone in society. The podcast highlights how unmarried mothers were frequently judged and had limited access to resources, leaving them vulnerable to economic hardship. Historical examples illustrate that the state once provided support for these mothers, but this changed after 1834 when increased moralizing led to a more punitive approach, further condemning those raising children outside of marriage. As a result, the stigma attached to illegitimacy not only affected the mothers but also had profound effects on the psychological and social well-being of the children.
The Role of Class and Gender
Experiences of illegitimacy were heavily influenced by an individual's social class and gender. Wealthy illegitimate children often received some level of support, such as education and resources, while poorer children faced harsher truths and even societal ostracization. The podcast reveals that, among the affluent, illegitimate children could be politically active or inherit titles, presenting a more complex picture of illegitimacy in society. Meanwhile, the struggles for poor illegitimate children were exacerbated by their mothers' economic limitations and societal judgments, leading to disparities in experience and opportunity.
Shifts in Attitudes and Modern Implications
The podcast emphasizes how societal attitudes towards illegitimacy have gradually shifted over the years, especially with the advent of modern paternity testing and growing acceptance of diverse family structures. While it suggests that contemporary society is becoming more tolerant, it still points out that stigma and assumptions linger, particularly within political rhetoric surrounding fatherless children. The discussions reflect on the impact of historical narratives on current views and the ongoing challenges single parents face in navigating societal perceptions and economic realities. Ultimately, the conversation underscores the need for continued support and understanding to dismantle any remaining stigma surrounding illegitimacy.
Why were children punished for illegitimacy in the 18th century? And what does the word even mean?
The truth is quite shocking, and probably still affects a lot of the people you know today.
Joining Kate today is Kate Gibson, historian and author of Illegitimacy, Family, and Stigma in England, 1660-1834, to explore the ways that female sexuality played a part in the stigma of illegitimacy, and how attitudes evolved, from the Victorians up until the modern day.
This episode was edited by Tom Delargy. The producer was Stuart Beckwith. The senior producer is Charlotte Long.
Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign here for up to 50% for 3 months using code BETWIXT