The podcast discusses the challenges faced by the new generation of revolutionaries in the Legislative Assembly during the French Revolution. It covers the controversial solutions embraced by the deputies, the champions of the constitution and the hostility of the Jacobins, the influential deputies in the assembly, grievances of the peasantry and growing resentment towards the nobility. It also explores the conflict between the assembly and King Louis and the external problems faced by the assembly, including treasonous plots.
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Quick takeaways
The Legislative Assembly was highly factionalized with suspicions, divisions, and conspiracy theories prevalent among deputies.
The assembly passed radical decrees targeting emigres and non-constitutional priests to combat external and internal threats.
The careless printing of the government-issued currency and food shortages created economic instability and fueled anti-noble violence and unrest among the common people.
Deep dives
Composition and Factions of the Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly, formed after the National Constituent Assembly, had considerable differences in composition. Not a single deputy from the National Assembly became a deputy in this new body. The assembly was dominated by deputies with local government experience, with almost 80% having prior government experience. The majority of deputies came from the third estate, and about 90% of the assembly comprised committed constitutionalists. Despite assumptions of less factionalism and dominance by the Fion Club, the assembly was highly factionalized with suspicions, divisions, and conspiracy theories prevalent among deputies.
Challenges Faced by the Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly faced challenges both internally and externally. Externally, the country was confronted with the threat of emigré nobles, who aimed to overthrow the revolution. The assembly passed radical decrees, targeting the emigres, requiring their return within a specific period, failing which they would be declared guilty of conspiracy. The assembly also sought the return of the king's brother, Comte de Provence, imposing consequences for non-compliance. Internally, the assembly dealt with the issue of non-constitutional priests who refused to swear allegiance to the constitution and were suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. The assembly passed measures to force these priests to swear loyalty, cut their pensions, and imprison those who incited disorder.
Leading Men of the Legislative Assembly
Jacques Brissot emerged as a prominent figure in the Legislative Assembly, along with his allies in the Gironde department. Brissot commanded the popular newspaper Patriot Francais and was influential in foreign policy, supporting revolutionary wars of liberation. The group of influential deputies, known as the Brissotins or Girondeons, included Pierre Vaneigem, Maximilien Isnard, and Marguerite-Léon Gaudet. While some criticized their competency, these men dominated the assembly's agenda. The assembly also passed controversial decrees under their leadership to combat the threats posed by emigres and non-constitutional priests, although these measures faced criticism for violating the principles of liberty and equality.
Inflation and Food Shortages
The newly formed Legislative Assembly in France faced multiple challenges in the fall and winter of 1791. One of the main problems was inflation caused by the careless printing of the government-issued currency known as the Assignat. The value of the Assignat dropped dramatically, creating economic instability. Additionally, food shortages plagued the country, with floods and droughts impacting crop production. These challenges led to bread riots, price controls, and a belief in a conspiracy theory that counter-revolutionaries were intentionally hoarding grain. The resulting hardships fueled anti-noble violence and unrest among the common people.
Deadlock and Estrangement
The use of the king's veto by Louis XVI against controversial decrees caused a deadlock between the monarch and the Legislative Assembly. This deadlock contributed to the growing estrangement between the Assembly, the monarchy, and the people, particularly in Paris. The inability to resolve political crises, along with the radical elements gaining momentum, led to increasing unrest and mob gatherings outside the Assembly. With no constitutional mechanism to break the deadlock, the government faced a severe crisis, jeopardizing the functioning of the constitutional monarchy and paving the way for further instability.
New assembly, new problems. As the Legislative Assembly gathers in Paris in October 1791, a new generation of revolutionaries is forced to confront a multitude of threats. The solutions embraced by the deputies were both dramatically controversial.
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About
Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place!