

Ep 417: Caste and the Census
21 snips May 5, 2025
Pranay Kotasthane and Raghu S Jaitley, experts in public policy and writers of the newsletter 'Anticipating the Unintended', tackle the polarizing issue of the caste census in India. They delve into its historical background and the implications for public policy, discussing how caste classification has evolved into a political tool. The conversation explores the impact of caste reservations, the role of census data, and critiques of current policies, while also examining the intersection of caste dynamics with economic growth and representation.
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Historical Roots of Caste Endogamy
- The caste system solidified socially about 2000 years ago with strict endogamy.
- British colonial census attempts both hardened identities and politicized caste divisions.
Political Timing of Caste Census
- Political momentum and state-level surveys pressured central government to conduct a caste census.
- The BJP likely considers the census politically necessary despite risks to their Hindu consolidation strategy.
Reservation's Political Evolution
- Reservation policies have become politicized tools for relative deprivation rather than correcting historical wrongs.
- Governments now aim to recalibrate reservations based on updated caste population data from the census.