283 | Daron Acemoglu on Technology, Inequality, and Power
Jul 22, 2024
01:17:43
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Political economist Daron Acemoglu discusses the impact of technology on inequality and power. He explores historical disparities in technological advancements, challenges technological determinism, and emphasizes proactive measures to support disadvantaged groups. The conversation delves into the role of visions in technological development, the importance of addressing income inequality for economic growth, and the influence of ideas and power dynamics in shaping economics and society.
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Quick takeaways
Technological innovations initially harm ordinary people economically, requiring improved institutions for equitable benefits spread.
Inclusive economic systems thrive on balanced negotiations between labor, business, and government, fostering sustainable prosperity.
Proactive adoption of productivity-enhancing tools with balanced power dynamics can reshape economic structures towards equity.
Deep dives
Technology's Impact on Workforce through History
Technology has historically transformed work conditions, as seen through the British Industrial Revolution. Despite the benefits of industrial innovations like increased productivity, early workers faced challenges such as deteriorating wages and harsh working conditions. The evolution of power dynamics accompanied these changes, with elites exploiting labor until societal pushback and evolving institutions improved conditions.
Role of Ideologies in Shaping Economies
Ideologies and societal visions play a significant role in shaping economic systems. Historical examples like Sweden's post-Depression reforms highlight the importance of balanced negotiations between labor, business, and government to foster prosperity. Empowering workers while maintaining fair business practices can lead to sustainable economic growth and shared prosperity.
Navigating Technological Advancements for Progress
Navigating the impact of advancing technologies on the workforce requires a proactive approach. By prioritizing tools that enhance worker productivity and incorporating balanced power dynamics, firms and societies can benefit mutually. Historical instances like the Progressive Era demonstrate the potential for non-revolutionary reforms to reshape economic structures and create more equitable societies.
The Evolution of Ideas - Democratization and Constitutional Monarchy
The podcast delves into the evolution of democratic ideas in England, notably around the 17th century. Groups like the diggers and the levelers proposed universal suffrage and constitutional monarchy. By 1688, a significant portion of the English population embraced the idea of a constrained government, showcasing a shift in societal beliefs. The emergence of democratic ideals amid influential figures like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke played a pivotal role in this transformation.
Inclusive Institutions and Economic Progress
The episode also explores the concept of inclusive economic institutions versus extractive ones, drawing parallels with historical examples. Inclusive institutions empower a broader segment of society by ensuring secure property rights and opportunities for economic participation. The discussion emphasizes the interplay between inclusive economic and political systems, highlighting the need for countervailing powers to prevent concentration of power and foster equitable distribution of resources.
Change is scary. But sometimes it can all work out for the best. There's no guarantee of that, however, even when the change in question involves the introduction of a powerful new technology. Today's guest, Daron Acemoglu, is a political economist who has long thought about the relationship between economics and political institutions. In his most recent book (with Simon Johnson), Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity, he looks at how technological innovations affect the economic lives of ordinary people. We talk about how such effects are often for the worse, at least to start out, until better institutions are able to eventually spread the benefits more broadly.
Daron Acemoglu received a Ph.D. in economics from the London School of Economics. He is currently Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Econometric Society. Among his awards are the John Bates Clark Medal and the Nemmers Prize in Economics. In 2015, he was named the most cited economist of the past 10 years.