Doctors Onyinye I. Iweala and Yamini V. Virkud discuss severe food allergies, highlighting prevention, symptoms, and management. They explore the role of early oral exposure, benefits of children playing with food, and the top nine food allergies. The challenges faced by patients with alpha-gal syndrome, a red meat allergy caused by tick bites, are also addressed. The podcast emphasizes the importance of carrying epinephrine autoinjectors and knowing when to call 911 for severe anaphylactic reactions.
Early oral exposure to foods can help prevent sensitization and the development of severe food allergies.
Alpha-gal syndrome, a newly recognized allergy to red meat, is associated with tick exposure and can cause delayed allergic reactions.
Deep dives
Understanding Severe Food Allergies
Severe food allergies are adverse reactions that are driven by the immune system and specifically by IgE allergy antibodies. These reactions can be potentially fatal, but actual fatalities are rare. Symptoms of severe food allergies include difficulty breathing, throat tightening, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and severe abdominal cramping.
Development of Severe Food Allergies
The development of severe food allergies involves a two-phase process. The first phase is sensitization, where the body learns to produce IgE allergy antibodies in response to exposure through the skin. Early oral exposure to foods helps develop oral tolerance and prevents sensitization. Children who lack early oral exposure and have early skin exposure to foods are more likely to become sensitized and develop allergic reactions.
Common Food Allergies and Alpha-Gal Syndrome
Milk, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame are among the most common food allergies in children. Alpha-gal syndrome, a relatively newly recognized allergy to red meat, is a food carbohydrate allergy associated with exposure to ticks. Symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome include allergic reactions occurring hours after consuming mammalian meat. Patients living in heavily wooded areas with tick exposure should be suspected of having alpha-gal syndrome, particularly if they exhibit skin or gastrointestinal symptoms.
IgE-mediated food allergies can be life-threatening. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses prevention and management of severe food allergies with authors Onyinye I. Iweala, MD, PhD, and Yamini V. Virkud, MD, of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Related Content: