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Bhagat Singh Thind's American Journey
- Bhagat Singh Thind, born in India in 1892, immigrated to the US in 1913.
- He became a respected religious philosopher, serving in the army and giving lectures nationwide.
The Citizenship Question
- Thind's citizenship, granted in 1918, was revoked four days later, leading to a legal battle.
- The core issue became defining whiteness for citizenship, not the validity of racial restrictions.
Takao Ozawa's Case
- Takao Ozawa, a Japanese immigrant, also sought citizenship by arguing his whiteness.
- He emphasized assimilation, language, and even skin color, but the court ruled against him.