Understand

The Economy: 13. National Debt

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Jan 30, 2023
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INSIGHT

What is National Debt?

  • National debt is the total sum of all previous UK government borrowing that hasn't been repaid.
  • Unlike personal debt, national debt is different because countries theoretically live forever and have a guaranteed income stream through taxes.
INSIGHT

Historic vs. Modern Borrowing

  • Historically, government borrowing was primarily for one-off expenses, especially military spending.
  • Modern governments borrow for broader purposes, like welfare, healthcare, and infrastructure.
ANECDOTE

South Sea Bubble Bailout

  • In 1720, the South Sea Company's share price crashed, impacting many aristocratic families.
  • Robert Walpole created a rescue package, and British taxpayers paid interest on this debt until 2015.
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