Prof. Valerie Higgins discusses the black market for ancient artefacts, tracing its origins to colonial eras and its impact on museums. The podcast delves into the illegal trafficking of antiquities, the false provenance of artifacts in Lebanon and Switzerland, and the ethical debates surrounding artifact collection. It also explores the impact of the UNESCO Convention on art antiquities trafficking and the scandalous Euphronius Vase saga.
Antiquities trafficking has a long history, dating back to legitimate looting in wars.
Classical country artifacts were acquired as souvenirs during the Grand Tour period.
Efforts to curb antiquities trafficking include the UNESCO Convention of 1970 and global cooperation.
Deep dives
The History of Antiquities Trafficking
Antiquities trafficking involves illegally excavated artifacts or those taken from museums or collections. The damaging aspect of illegal excavation is the loss of archaeological context. The practice of antiquities trafficking has a history stretching back hundreds of years, starting from times of perceived legitimate looting during wars. Laws against looting were introduced in the 19th century.
Acquiring Artifacts: From Souvenirs to Museum Collections
Artifacts acquisition from classical countries like Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Egypt was common during the Grand Tour. Travelers collected souvenirs, sometimes in bulk, to showcase their education and travels. Museums also relied on excavations sponsored by them or others to build collections. Individual collectors and museums acquired artifacts, with names like Giovanni Belzoni known for excavations in Egypt.
The Case of Benin Bronzes: A Controversial Narrative
The Benin Bronzes were looted from the Benin Kingdom by the British in 1897. The artifacts, part of the king's regalia, had sentimental and status value, reflecting the colonial competition between Britain and France. The controversial story highlights the harmful impacts of colonial actions on cultural heritage, with ongoing discussions on repatriation and building dedicated museums for the artifacts.
Challenges and Progress in Combating Antiquities Trafficking
Efforts like the UNESCO Convention of 1970 aimed to curb antiquities trafficking, but enforcement varies across countries. Recent focus on identifying and returning stolen artifacts has led to reputational concerns for museums. While museums' awareness and coordination have improved, the trade persists due to easy trafficking of small items, lack of stringent penalties, and a growing interest in historical objects from diverse regions.
Towards Greater Awareness and Action
Enhanced global cooperation and information sharing are crucial in effectively combating antiquities trafficking. Public education plays a key role in discouraging the purchase of potentially illicit artifacts. Addressing the gaps in understanding the scale of the issue and fostering skepticism towards suspicious artifacts are vital steps towards protecting cultural heritage and promoting ethical stewardship of historical objects.
Have you ever wondered about the dark side of archeology? The illegal seizing of ancient artefacts? The looting of goods from age old historical sites and their sale on the black market? Well it is a practice that goes back hundreds of years and today we’re exploring how it works, why it happens and what government bodies are doing to prevent it.
In this episode of The Ancients Tristan Hughes is joined by Prof. Valerie Higgins to shine a light on how illicit objects and artefacts have found their way to museums and private houses all too often.
This episode was produced by Joseph Knight and edited by Aidan Lonergan.
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