Author Philip Pettit discusses his book 'The State' with Jeffrey Church, exploring the relationship between justice and institutional design, Kant's perspective on freedom of the pen, the concept and emergence of the state, unity and sovereignty within the state, lessons for contemporary politics, and the role of independent bodies and citizens assemblies in decision making.
The state's function is to address the problems that arise from the state of nature, such as the need for order and security.
The state has a role in establishing and safeguarding certain rights that are essential for human autonomy and well-being.
While some level of integration is necessary for a state to function effectively, there is also value in maintaining a degree of differentiation and separation of powers.
Deep dives
The State: An Emergent and Functional Institution
The book explores the concept of the state as an emergent institution that functions to establish a system of law. It argues that the state's function is to address the problems that arise from the state of nature, such as the need for order and security. The genealogical account presented in the book traces the development of the state from its origins and highlights the importance of coordination and cooperation among its different agencies and branches. It emphasizes the need for a unified and coherent system of law and policy, while also recognizing the value of checks and balances to prevent abuses of power.
Justice, Rights, and the Role of the State
The book examines the relationship between justice and the state, arguing that the state has a role in establishing and safeguarding certain rights that are essential for human autonomy and well-being. It discusses the concept of natural rights and how they can be legally protected and enforced. It also challenges traditional views that see the state as an obstacle to economic growth, suggesting that the state plays a vital role in maintaining property rights, regulating the economy, and promoting overall economic stability.
Integration and Differentiation in Modern States
The book explores the tension between integration and differentiation in modern states, focusing on the balance between centralization and decentralization of power. It argues that while some level of integration is necessary for a state to function effectively, there is also value in maintaining a degree of differentiation and separation of powers. It discusses different systems of government, such as parliamentary and presidential systems, and highlights the benefits and challenges associated with each.
Challenges and Reform in Contemporary Politics
The book provides insights for contemporary politics, suggesting potential areas for reform in modern states. It makes recommendations, such as considering a parliamentary system and improving the appointment process of judges, to enhance the performance and functionality of the state. It also discusses the role of citizens' assemblies and independent bodies in decision-making processes, as well as the importance of balancing governmental intervention and market forces in the economy. Overall, the book encourages thoughtful consideration of the design and functioning of the state to ensure effective governance.
Conclusion
The book offers a comprehensive analysis of the state as an emergent and functional institution. It highlights the central role of the state in establishing and maintaining a system of law, protecting rights, balancing integration and differentiation, and addressing contemporary challenges. The insights and recommendations provided in the book can contribute to discussions on improving the design and functioning of modern states, promoting effective governance, and fostering justice and civic participation.
