Discover the fascinating life and work of Augustus Pitt-Rivers, a Victorian anthropologist and archaeologist who believed in the evolution of human technology. Explore his meticulous excavation records, the unique artifacts at the Pitt Rivers Museum, and his lasting impact on archaeology and anthropology.
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Quick takeaways
Pitt-Rivers emphasized 'typical objects' to understand human life through technology evolution.
His meticulous recording practices and Earthwork survey influenced modern archaeological techniques.
Deep dives
Life and Background of Augustus Pitt Rivers
Augustus Pitt Rivers, originally born Augustus Lane Fox, led a life filled with interesting twists and turns. Little is known about his early education, as he joined the Grenadier Guards at 18 after a brief stint at Sandhurst. However, his life took a significant turn at 50 when he unexpectedly inherited a vast estate and adopted the name Pitt Rivers, becoming immensely wealthy. This fortune allowed him to indulge his passion for collecting archaeological objects and establishing museums.
Collecting Philosophy and Museum Displays
Pitt Rivers' collecting philosophy centered around everyday objects he termed 'typical objects', emphasizing their significance in understanding human life. By arranging objects according to form and type rather than geographical or temporal factors, he pioneered a new approach combining archaeology and ethnology. His museum displays showcased a wide array of objects, illustrating the evolution of technology over time and highlighting the importance of everyday technologies.
Challenges to Pitt Rivers' Ideas
By the end of the 19th century, Pitt Rivers' views on cultural evolution and the utility of objects were challenged by emerging theories focused on local systems and cultural history. These new ideas emphasized understanding relationships between technologies within specific areas rather than relying on universal typologies. Pitt Rivers' gradualism approach faced criticism as archaeology moved towards more context-specific and nuanced interpretations of material culture.
Legacy and Impact on Archaeology
While Pitt Rivers' theoretical contributions may have waned towards the end of his life, his methodological innovations endured, influencing the development of archaeology. His meticulous recording practices and emphasis on Earthwork survey laid the foundation for modern archaeological techniques. Pitt Rivers' legacy in archaeology lies in his practical approach to fieldwork, excavation, and the systematic documentation of archaeological sites.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of the Victorian anthropologist and archaeologist Augustus Pitt-Rivers. Over many years he amassed thousands of ethnographic and archaeological objects, some of which formed the founding collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford University. Inspired by the work of Charles Darwin, Pitt-Rivers believed that human technology evolved in the same way as living organisms, and devoted much of his life to exploring this theory. He was also a pioneering archaeologist whose meticulous records of major excavations provided a model for later scholars.
With:
Adam Kuper
Visiting Professor of Anthropology at Boston University
Richard Bradley
Professor in Archaeology at the University of Reading
Dan Hicks
University Lecturer & Curator of Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford.
Producer: Thomas Morris.
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