Dr. Andreas Krieg discusses how Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, known as MBZ, consolidates power in the UAE through strategic investments and assertive military interventions. UAE exploits global power divisions, and MBZ's disciplined vision for the country contrasts with his perception post-9/11. Middle East expert Dr. Talal Mohammad highlights UAE's opportunistic foreign policy approach amidst global power shifts.
MBZ leverages financial power and networks for strategic autonomy in foreign policy.
UAE's rising influence hinges on information networks and non-traditional power in global dynamics.
Deep dives
Leadership of Mohammed bin Zayed in the UAE's Rise
Mohammed bin Zayed (MBZ) has played a crucial role in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)'s rise to prominence over the past two decades. As part of the influential Al Nahyan family, MBZ became leader in 2022, establishing Abu Dhabi as the most important power hub in the federation. His disciplined and ambitious nature, shaped by exposure to Islamic ideas during his teenage years in Morocco, has contributed to his rise to power. With a security-minded approach, MBZ views the world through a threat lens, prioritizing security everywhere. Under his leadership, the UAE has become a key player in business, economics, foreign policy, and security, presenting itself as a regional and global power.
Strategic Autonomy and Network-centric Statecraft
The UAE's rise as a middle power has been driven by its pursuit of strategic autonomy and network-centric statecraft. Recognizing the limitations of external support, particularly after the Arab Spring, the UAE sought to create strategic autonomy by relying on its own resources and networks of financial actors. MBZ, along with influential brothers Tarnun bin Zayed and Mansour bin Zayed, orchestrated a strategy where they leveraged the UAE's position as a hub for trade, financial services, investments, and military operations. This allowed the UAE to navigate shifting power dynamics and fill the void left by Western countries in the region. The UAE's assertiveness in using its financial leverage, such as greylisted financial flow facilitation for Russian entities, or pressuring the UK government to investigate the Muslim Brotherhood, showcases its ability to shape policies and advance its own interests.
Foreign Policy, Alliances, and Power Centers
The UAE's foreign policy is multifaceted and aimed at securing its national interests, while maintaining a neutral stance in a multipolar world. The UAE has sought to balance relationships between different power centers, both in competition and cooperation. It has international ties with Western countries, China, Russia, and regional players like Iran and Syria. By leveraging their financial interests, investments, and economic leverage, the UAE positions itself as a neutral connecting country, playing a role in various conflicts and crises. It promotes the concept of authoritarian stability, emphasizing support for strongmen or military leaders to maintain stability in the region. The UAE's involvement in conflicts, such as supporting Haftar in Libya or backing the RSF in Sudan, aims to shape the political landscape in its favor, creating fault lines and securing trade corridors and critical supply chains.
Impact and Underestimation of UAE's Power
The UAE's rise as a powerful global player has often been underestimated and misunderstood. While conventional metrics like military strength and GDP may not classify the UAE as a middle power, its influence and power lie in other areas, including information networks and strategic alliances. The UAE's ability to shape policy through information networks in Western capitals and its network-centric statecraft have demonstrated the importance of non-traditional power sources. The UAE's emphasis on strategic autonomy and its engagement with various power centers challenge the Western-centric perspective of global power dynamics. To effectively compete with rising powers like the UAE, Western countries need to recognize the importance of network spaces, information power, and coalitions, rather than solely relying on traditional measures of power.
From Cop28 to Manchester City to the attempted purchase of the Telegraph newspaper, the United Arab Emirates are suddenly flexing power and prestige across the Gulf. Behind it all is Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, known as MBZ, who mixes a show of modernisation with an iron will, especially regarding human rights. Who is MBZ? How has his tiny state become such a global player? And are the UAE a friend or a foe of democracies?
Emma Beals talks to Dr Andreas Krieg, fellow at the Institute of Middle East Studies at King’s College London, and Middle East expert Dr Talal Mohammad to find out how MBZ is buying his way to power.
• “9/11 was a formative moment for him. He saw how powerful these Islamist networks could be in his own country… it brought about a perception of ‘If you’re not with us, you’re against us’.” – Dr Andreas Krieg
• “As long as the major world powers are divided, then the UAE, Saudi and the others will try to exploit that situation.” – Dr Talal Mohammad
• “Everyone who knows him from Sandhurst says he’s not one of these spoilt princes. He is highly disciplined and he has a vision of what he wants for the UAE.” – Dr Andreas Krieg
Written and presented by Emma Beals. Produced by Robin Leeburn. Original theme music by Paul Hartnoll – https://www.orbitalofficial.com. Executive Producer Martin Bojtos. Group Editor Andrew Harrison. This Is Not A Drill is a Podmasters production