Discover the mysteries of planets in our and other solar systems, from the formation of planets to the groundbreaking discovery of exoplanet 51 Pegasus A. As experts discuss planet hunting, Doppler wobble method, and surprising findings of closely orbiting planets, uncover the wonders of the universe beyond our solar system and the search for Earth-like planets.
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Quick takeaways
Planets form from rotating disks of material around stars, with smaller cores accumulating to create terrestrial and gas giant planets.
Discovery of planets outside our solar system challenges traditional theories, revealing diverse planetary systems and potential for Earth-like exoplanets.
Deep dives
Formation and Composition of the Solar System
Our solar system consists of the Sun at its center, surrounded by eight major planets, including terrestrial planets like Earth and gas giants like Jupiter. The solar system also contains smaller bodies like Pluto and a vast belt of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter. The Sun differentiates from other planets due to its nuclear reactions that generate light and energy. Planets are formed from rotating disks of material around stars, with smaller cores accumulating material to create terrestrial and gas giant planets.
Earth's Formation and the Moon's Origin
Earth began as a molten planet over 4.5 billion years ago, allowing elements to stratify, forming a dense iron core and lighter crust. The Earth was impacted by a Mars-sized protoplanet, leading to the formation of the Moon from debris. This collision explains the Earth's heavy core and the Moon's composition of lighter elements. The Earth-moon system's unique characteristics challenge traditional planetary formation theories.
Revolution in Discovering Exoplanets and Potential for Life
The discovery of planets outside our solar system, especially through the Doppler wobble technique, reveals a diverse range of planetary systems challenging our understanding of solar system formation. Finding planets closer to stars challenges existing theories, suggesting unique planetary dynamics. The search for Earth-like exoplanets continues, with potential for carbon-based and water-soluble life in diverse environments, revolutionizing our perspective on the prevalence of life in the universe.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss our knowledge of the planets in both our and other solar systems. Tucked away in the outer Western Spiral arm of the Milky Way is a middle aged star, with nine, or possibly ten orbiting planets of hugely varying sizes. Roughly ninety-two million miles and third in line from that central star is our own planet Earth, in thrall to our Sun, just one of the several thousand million stars that make up the Galaxy.Ever since Galileo and Copernicus gave us a scientific model of our own solar system, we have assumed that somewhere amongst the myriad stars there must be other orbiting planets, but it took until 1995 to find one. ‘51 Pegasus A’ was discovered in the Pegasus constellation and was far bigger and far closer to its sun than any of our existing theories could have predicted. Since then 121 new planets have been found. And now it is thought there may be more planets in the skies than there are stars.What causes a planet to form? How do you track one down? And how likely is there to be another one out there with properties like the Earth’s?With Paul Murdin, Senior Fellow at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge; Hugh Jones, planet hunter and Reader in Astrophysics at Liverpool John Moores University; Carolin Crawford, Royal Society Research Fellow at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.
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