Historian and author Dr. Adrian Johns discusses the evolution of reading from clay tablets to audiobooks, literacy campaigns, attention spans, and dyslexia history. He touches on phonics, e-readers, and literacy rates. The conversation reflects on the impact of technology and societal changes on reading habits.
The evolution of reading practices from ancient cuneiform to industrial printing revolutionized literacy rates and access to written materials.
Public education initiatives in the late 19th century aimed to increase literacy rates for an informed citizenry and workforce, raising concerns about educational quality and societal values.
Modern reading habits face challenges with decreasing attention spans, digital distractions, and the impact on comprehension, prompting the development of speed reading programs.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Reading Practices
Reading practices have evolved significantly over time, with ancient forms of cuneiform writing and hieroglyphics dating back thousands of years. The introduction of the printing press in the mid-1400s led to a significant increase in literacy rates and the circulation of written materials. The shift to industrial printing in the 19th century further revolutionized the accessibility of printed material, with newspapers like The Times printing thousands of copies per hour.
The Impact of Literacy Programs
Public education initiatives in the late 19th century in countries like France, the UK, and the US aimed to increase literacy rates among the population. These efforts were driven by the need for an informed citizenry and trained workforce in emerging industries. The introduction of textbooks and reading materials led to concerns about the quality of education and the impact of readers on societal values.
Challenges in Modern Reading Habits
Modern reading habits face challenges due to changes in attention span and digital distractions. Neuroscientific studies suggest that attention spans have decreased over the years, leading to difficulties in sustaining focus while reading. Factors like the prevalence of digital media and multitasking contribute to reduced reading durations and potential impacts on comprehension.
Speed Reading and Reading Enhancement Programs
Speed reading and reading enhancement programs have been popular since the 50s and 60s, aiming to improve reading rates and comprehension. Techniques like rapid serial visualization presentation (RSVP) and bionic reading tools have been developed to increase reading speeds. While these programs may offer short-term improvements in reading rates, long-term benefits and sustained comprehension levels remain uncertain.
The Evolution of Speed Reading Techniques
Speed reading techniques have evolved from devices like reading accelerators in the 20s and 30s to modern approaches. Methods like reading pacers and speed reading trainers have been prominent since the 50s. These techniques vary in effectiveness for different types of reading material, with speed often prioritized for novels and leisurely reading while professional reports may require a different approach.
Understanding and Addressing Dyslexia
Dyslexia, historically known as congenital word blindness, poses challenges in reading and learning. Experts like Clara Schmidt and Michael Samuel Orton have emphasized phonics-based teaching for dyslexic individuals, stressing the importance of individualized attention and connecting reading to personal experiences. Early identification and targeted instruction are key in supporting individuals with dyslexia, enabling them to overcome reading difficulties and succeed in academics.
Clay tablets! Printing presses! Old timey audio books! Speed reading strategies! Attention spans! Dyslexia history! Literacy campaigns! Dr. Adrian Johns is an historian, professor, and author of the book “The Science of Reading” and we have a nice mellow chat about when humans started to “read,” what that means, being Hooked on Phonics, Dick, Jane, character languages, audiobooks, e-readers, school segregation, literacy rates, and how long we can focus at a time. He literally wrote the book on it.
Visit Dr. Adrian Johns’ faculty bio at University of Chicago