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Defining the Saka Culture
- The Saka were an Iron Age culture in eastern Kazakhstan, linked to Scythian culture and animal style art.
- They lived from around 900 BCE and were known for hierarchical society and kingship, contradicting the 'barbaric' label by outsiders.
Challenging Barbarian Myths
- Ancient Persians and Greeks depicted the Saka as barbaric nomadic warriors threatening settled civilizations.
- Archaeological evidence now shows a sophisticated society with complex settlements, crafts, trade, and wealth.
Saka Burial Mounds Visibility
- Saka built large burial mounds called kurgans, visible on the landscape even today.
- Thousands of kurgans exist across Kazakhstan, highlighting the cultural and historical prominence of these burial sites.


