The ten most influential people of the 21st Century… so far – Part Two: The Final Five
Jan 3, 2025
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Guests Alex von Tunzelmann, a historian and author, and Rafael Behr, a Guardian columnist, join BBC veteran Gavin Esler to discuss the ten most influential figures of the 21st century. They explore the resurgence of the Great Man theory as individual leaders shape politics today. The conversation touches on Xi Jinping's distinct governance style, Trump's political comeback, and the rise of influencer culture with figures like Kim Kardashian. They also analyze the shifting American voter demographics and their effects on democracy.
Nigel Farage's manipulation of public sentiment and media has reshaped British politics, notably through his impact on the Brexit movement.
Kim Kardashian exemplifies the modern influencer, transforming personal branding and celebrity culture into a highly profitable industry while captivating global audiences.
Deep dives
Nigel Farage: A Controversial Political Figure
Nigel Farage is highlighted as a transformative figure in British politics, having significantly influenced the direction of the country, particularly through the Brexit movement. His ability to manipulate public sentiment and media has allowed him to remain relevant, even when operating outside traditional political structures. Farage's charm and relatable persona appeal to many, tapping into deep-seated cultural narratives within British society, and his aptitude for navigating the line between respectability and extremism has altered the mainstream political landscape. While he advocates for a brand of nationalism, critics point out the contradiction in his patriotic representation against the backdrop of weakened international standing and societal divisions within the UK.
The Rise of Kim Kardashian: Redefining Celebrity
Kim Kardashian is identified as a quintessential influencer who has turned the concept of celebrity into a lucrative industry, showcasing the potential of fame driven by personal branding. Her journey from a socialite and reality TV star to a billionaire entrepreneur signifies a shift in cultural values towards public personas and commercialized lifestyles. The discussion emphasizes her role in cultivating a form of memoirism that combines personal narrative with extensive fictionalization, appealing to a vast audience hungry for connection and entertainment. Kardashian's success embodies the modern influencer's power, which merges personal life, product promotion, and cultural influence in ways that traditional media figures never achieved.
Angela Merkel: A Complex Legacy
Angela Merkel is recognized as a pivotal figure in European politics, becoming Germany's first female chancellor and leading the country through significant challenges such as the financial crisis and the migrant crisis. Her approach towards border policies and reliance on Russian energy has sparked debate regarding her effectiveness, especially in light of recent geopolitical shifts, including the conflict in Ukraine. Merkel's legacy is currently under scrutiny, and opinions on her leadership may evolve as historians reassess her actions in the context of a rapidly changing world. Despite criticisms, her commitment to European unity and her role as a powerful woman in politics have left an indelible mark on Europe.
Xi Jinping: The Architect of Chinese Influence
Xi Jinping is portrayed as a key architect of China's 21st-century power dynamics, characterized by a blend of traditional communist principles and aggressive economic policies. His leadership has seen a return to stricter state control while fostering international investments through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, prompting both admiration and criticism globally. The discussion notes the contrast between his regime and earlier reforms from leaders like Deng Xiaoping, as Xi has reasserted ideologically driven governance in response to contemporary challenges. Additionally, his ability to navigate cultural narratives—such as embracing Hollywood—reflects a sophisticated strategy in positioning China as a formidable power on the world stage.
Is the Great Man* theory of history back? As our world seems increasingly shaped by individual oligarchs, populists and single-issue celebrities, we complete our list of the most influential people of the century so far. Who will make the cut? Our Bunker regulars – BBC veteran Gavin Esler, historian and author Alex Von Tunzelmann and Guardian columnist Rafael Behr – name the Final Five of our Century Shapers.
Presented by Gavin Esler. Audio production by Simon Williams and Robin Leeburn. Music by Kenny Dickinson. Managing Editor Jacob Jarvis. Group Editor Andrew Harrison. THE BUNKER is a Podmasters Production