What’s Driving the Fall in Oil Prices? | Rory Johnston
Dec 18, 2023
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Oil analyst and researcher Rory Johnston discusses the fall in oil prices, investor positioning, US oil production growth, recent M&A activity, OPEC production cuts, geopolitical risk in Guyana and the Strait of Hormuz, and more.
Speculation and speculative positions have influenced the rise and fall of oil prices, amplifying market movements.
Despite strong global demand and OPEC production cuts, the growth in US oil production has offset the impact on oil prices.
Russia's compliance with oil cuts is uncertain, with the use of export denotations and the growth of a shadow fleet posing environmental risks.
Deep dives
Speculation and Market Deterioration
Speculation played a role in the rise and fall of oil prices. While the market has deteriorated, the extent of the fall is overstated, and factors like speculative positions influenced the pricing. The market saw an overextension in speculative positions in late September, leading to a surge in prices. However, speculators have since reduced their positions, causing prices to drop. The overall price reduction is around $10, not the full $20. Speculative trading can amplify and accelerate market movements.
Demand, OPEC Cuts, and Price Drop
Oil prices have dropped despite strong demand and OPEC production cuts. Global demand has seen positive growth, mainly driven by China. However, US production growth has increased significantly, offsetting OPEC's cuts and limiting the impact on prices. OPEC's recent meeting announced a 2.2 million barrel per day cut, but scrutiny reveals that the cut is only around 700,000 barrels per day. Additionally, Saudi Arabia's unilateral cuts have lasted longer than expected. The challenge for OPEC is balancing efforts to support the market with the desire to share the burden with other members.
Russia's Compliance and the Shadow Fleet
Russia's compliance with oil cuts remains unclear, with shifting commitments and the use of export denotations to mitigate their actual production cuts. The ban on Russian oil exports has led to the growth of a shadow fleet, comprised of old tankers transporting oil in unmonitored conditions. This presents significant environmental risks and potential disasters. The price cap and the ban on Russian oil have largely been seen as failures, as they did not achieve the desired control over oil prices and production.
Resilience of US shale and OPEC's market share war
The speaker discusses the resilience of US shale in the face of a market share war. While US shale was able to weather previous market challenges by cutting costs and improving efficiency, the speaker suggests that the current landscape may pose greater difficulties for US shale to maintain its resilience. On the other hand, OPEC now has more ammunition and capacity to control the market share war, with increased membership and withheld oil production.
Risks to OPEC alliance and potential conflicts
The podcast explores the risks to the OPEC alliance and potential conflicts that could impact the oil market. The speaker highlights the voluntary nature of OPEC and the lack of formal disciplinary mechanisms. They also discuss territorial disputes, such as the ongoing conflict between Guyana and Venezuela, and the potential for supply disruptions due to conflicts in the Middle East, including Israel's war with Iran. While these risks exist, the speaker sees them as tail risks, and believes that the market is unlikely to experience significant disruptions.
In Episode 344 of Hidden Forces, Demetri Kofinas speaks with oil analyst and researcher Rory Johnston about what’s driving the fall in oil prices and how likely it is to continue. Rory shares his thoughts on investor positioning, growth in US oil production, recent M&A activity in the oil sector, OPEC production cuts, geopolitical risk in Guyana, as well as in the Strait of Hormuz, and much more.
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