Sharmin, Jack, Maddy, and Youssef share their approach to retiform purpura in a lively discussion led by Andrew Sanchez. They cover diagnostic criteria and manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome, exploring the effectiveness of warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants, and analyzing complex dermatologic cases in clinical practice. The team delves into challenging cases, unexpected findings, and diagnostic tools in an engaging and informative manner.
Consider immune status, lesion characteristics, and systemic involvement in retiform purpura cases.
Focus on antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis through antibody testing, vascular events, and lupus anticoagulant assessments.
Deep dives
Aliquot 1: Dermatologic Evaluation and Skin Necrosis
A 60-year-old man with atrial fibrillation presented with a painful, erythematous rash on his chest showing central necrosis. The distribution was dermatomal, leading to considerations of immune status, lesion characteristics, and systemic involvement. Factors like necrosis, rapid progression, and systemic symptoms were assessed to identify potential causes like VZV, necrotizing fasciitis, or an underlying bleeding syndrome.
Aliquot 2: Orbital Symptoms and Cyanosis
Following chest wall necrosis, the patient experienced acute sinus pain, nose bleeding, and cyanosis. Imaging revealed signs of carotid cavernous fistula, with subsequent diagnostic methods ruling out issues like sinus thrombosis and cellulitis. Differential considerations included vascular malformations, infections, and systemic clotting disorders.
Aliquot 3: Purpuric Lesions and Diagnostic Testing
Development of purpuric lesions on the left areola was accompanied by elevated inflammatory markers and abnormal coagulation parameters. Suspected small vessel vasculitis prompted steroid therapy, with a focus on defining purpura as hemorrhagic lesions indicative of vessel wall issues. Laboratory tests and biopsies aimed to confirm antiphospholipid syndrome despite negative primary antibody results.
Aliquot 4: Antiphospholipid Syndrome Diagnosis
Serologic studies revealed positive beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies and a history of thrombotic events supporting antiphospholipid syndrome. Various diagnostic tests and responses to different anticoagulants raised suspicions of APLS, emphasizing criteria like vascular events, antibody testing, and lupus anticoagulant assessments for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions.