An Update on the Russian Economy with Elina Ribakova and Sergey Aleksashenko
Jul 27, 2023
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Elina Ribakova, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute focusing on the Russian economy, and Sergey Aleksashenko, a former Deputy Minister of Finance, share their insights on Russia's economic landscape. They discuss the impact of sanctions, revealing military production as a growth driver while non-military sectors struggle. The conversation also explores inflation issues, the ruble's devaluation, and the potential shift towards a Soviet-style economy. Additionally, they analyze the roles of China and other countries in Russia's trade dynamics.
The Russian economy is experiencing short-term stabilization driven primarily by military production, raising concerns about long-term sustainability amidst labor loss and emigration.
Despite the pressure of sanctions on Russia, the lack of effective enforcement and adaptive responses from the economy complicate their potential long-term impact.
Deep dives
Current State of the Russian Economy
The Russian economy is showing signs of short-term stabilization as of July 2023, with recent indicators suggesting improvement in budget revenues, particularly in non-oil and gas sectors. Economic growth has been reported, albeit solely driven by military production, leading to concerns about the sustainability of such growth in the long term. Significant challenges persist, including loss of labor due to military drafts and mass emigration. Consequently, while short-term recovery may be evident, the medium-term outlook remains bleak due to factors such as reduced productivity and lack of investment in productive industries.
Impact of Sanctions
The effectiveness of sanctions against Russia's economy has been a topic of debate, with some experts arguing that while sanctions are having an impact, they have not produced the catastrophic outcomes forecasted. Current sanctions have resulted in adaptations within the Russian economy, which complicate predictions about their ultimate effectiveness. Additionally, the lack of effective implementation and enforcement of sanctions raises concerns about whether they can be fully successful in crippling Russia's economic capabilities. As a result, while sanctions have placed pressure on the Russian economy, responses and adaptations are mitigating their intended effects.
Inflation and Fiscal Pressure
Inflation poses a growing concern for the Russian economy, especially given the pressures of military expenditure and a tightening labor market. Current inflation rates may not alarm the government yet, as they are within a range that has previously been manageable. However, rising costs and labor shortages could create pressure on the federal budget, especially with the upcoming presidential elections in 2024. The government is likely to prioritize military funding over social expenditures, which could lead to a critical point where inflationary pressures force adjustments in fiscal policies.
Future Sustainability of the War Effort
The Russian government appears committed to sustaining military efforts regardless of economic challenges or inflationary pressures. Analysts suggest that Putin's administration will prioritize war funding, potentially cutting back on other less critical areas of expenditure to do so. The lack of significant constraints on resources implies that the war effort could be maintained indefinitely, raising concerns about the long-term implications for both the Russian economy and the population. Additionally, the political motivations surrounding the approaching elections will likely influence economic decisions and resource allocations, complicating the environment further.
In this week's episode, Max and Maria are joined by economists Elina Ribakova and Sergey Aleksashenko to discuss the current state of the Russian economy.