S2 Ep1114: Theology and Narrative in John's Gospel and the Meaning of Jesus' "Son of Man" Statements: Dr. Ben Reynolds
Sep 25, 2023
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Dr. Ben Reynolds, a professor of Bible and Theology, discusses theological themes in John's gospel, particularly the meaning of Jesus' "Son of Man" statements. They delve into the complexities of the Gospel of John, the significance of the signs in the gospel, the debate over the symbolic meaning of the number 153, and the sacramental reading of John 6:51-58. They also explore the relationship between John's gospel and Jewish apocalypses, as well as the importance of understanding the New Testament within the framework of Second Temple Judaism.
The Son of Man in John's Gospel refers to a celestial, divine figure associated with the Messiah and Jesus aligns himself with this figure.
The signs performed by Jesus in John's Gospel serve as visible representations of his divine nature and provide evidence of his identity as the Son of God.
The prologue of John's Gospel presents Jesus as the incarnate Word of God, revealing God's truth and grace, and integrates apocalyptic thought into its theological framework.
Deep dives
The Significance of the Son of Man in John's Gospel
The podcast episode explores the meaning and significance of the Son of Man in John's Gospel. The term 'Son of Man' is a highly debated topic, with multiple interpretations. One interpretation suggests that the Son of Man refers to Jesus' humanity, while the Son of God refers to his divinity. Another interpretation looks at the Son of Man as a reference to a generic human being. However, there is also a connection to the figure of the Son of Man in the book of Daniel, where Daniel has a vision of a human-like figure. This connection ties the Son of Man to a celestial, divine figure associated with the Messiah. In John's Gospel, Jesus refers to himself as the Son of Man several times, aligning himself with this divine figure from Daniel's vision.
The Function of Signs in John's Gospel
The podcast episode also explores the role of signs in John's Gospel. In John's Gospel, Jesus performs various signs, which are not referred to as miracles, but as signs that point to his identity. These signs include the water-to-wine miracle, the feeding of the 5000, the healing of the blind, the raising of Lazarus, and more. Each sign represents a different aspect of who Jesus is and reveals his divine nature. The signs serve as visible representations of the invisible reality of Jesus as the Word made flesh. By performing these signs, Jesus reveals his glory and provides evidence of his identity as the Son of God.
Interpreting the Prologue and Theological Themes in John's Gospel
The podcast episode delves into the prologue of John's Gospel and examines its theological implications. The prologue, which introduces the concept of the Word, sets the stage for the distinctive nature of John's Gospel. It presents Jesus as the incarnate Word of God who reveals God's truth and grace. The prologue's use of cosmological language, such as 'in the beginning' and 'the Word was with God,' highlights the divine nature of Jesus. Additionally, the episode discusses the relationship between the Gospel of John and apocalyptic literature, exploring how apocalyptic thought is integrated into John's Gospel. Overall, John's Gospel is seen as a profound and complex text that invites readers to engage deeply with the person and teachings of Jesus.
The significance of the wedding and the abundance of wine
The wedding described in the text holds significance as the introduction to Jesus' ministry. The abundance of wine produced, approximately 150 to 180 gallons, raises questions about its symbolism. Some interpret it as a representation of the abundance of God's new creation blessing. Others note that the wedding festivities lasted for an entire week, involving people from different villages. Therefore, the substantial amount of wine may have been necessary for such a celebration.
The Son of Man and the glorification through crucifixion
The phrase 'Son of Man' in John's Gospel is linked to the vision in Daniel 7, representing an exalted divine figure. John's emphasis on glory and exaltation, including the crucifixion and resurrection, challenges the traditional understanding of the crucifixion solely as suffering. Instead, it is viewed as an act of glorification, with Jesus' death being seen as a revelation of divine glory. The crucifixion and resurrection culminate in Jesus' return to the Father, exemplifying the glorification and exaltation through his death and resurrection. This understanding aligns with John's unique perspective on revealing glory through the crucifixion.
Dr. Ben Reynolds has an MDiv and ThM from Gordon-Conwell Theological seminary and a Ph.D. in New Testament from Aberdeen University--which is where I met Ben. We both studied together under Simon Gathercole at Aberdeen and have been friends ever since. Ben is currently a professor of Bible and Theology at Tyndale University (Toronto) where he's been since 2009, and he enjoys teaching courses on the Gospels, Jesus, Second Temple Judaism, Greek, and hermeneutics. He's written and edited several scholarly works including his latest book: John Among the Apocalypses: Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition and the "Apocalyptic" Gospel. In this podcast conversation, Ben walks us through some theological themes in the narrative of John's gospel and helps us understand the meaning of Jesus' "Son of Man" language.