Explore the National Convention during the French Revolution, from the deputies who led France to their divided politics. Discover the ground-breaking legalization of divorce in 1792 and its impact. Dive into the different factions within the National Convention, including the Girondins and Montagnards, and the politics and middle ground of deputies. Learn about the factional conflicts and accusations of dictatorship leading up to the trial of the king.
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Quick takeaways
The National Convention decreed the abolition of royalty, officially transforming France into a republic and setting the course for radical changes in the revolution.
The National Convention was divided into factions, with the Girondins representing economic liberalism and limited government intervention, and the Montagnards more willing to adopt radical measures to defend the revolution.
Deep dives
The National Convention and the Abolition of Royalty
On September 21, 1792, the National Convention decreed the abolition of royalty in France, officially transforming the country into a republic. Abbe Gregoire, a member of the convention, made a passionate speech denouncing the monarchy and its history of tyranny. The decision to abolish royalty was a major milestone in the revolution and set the course for the radical changes yet to come.
Elections and Composition of the Convention
The National Convention was elected through universal male suffrage, with all French men over the age of 21 eligible to vote. However, the participation rate in the elections was low, with less than 10% of eligible voters casting their ballots. The majority of the 749 deputies in the convention were from the middle class, with a significant number of lawyers, clergymen, and former members of previous assemblies. Although the convention was initially divided into factions, such as the Girondins and the Montagnards, a large number of deputies remained unaffiliated, known as the plane.
Factions in the Convention: Girondins, Montagnards, and the Plane
The Girondins and the Montagnards were the two main factions in the National Convention. The Girondins, representing the more conservative faction, advocated for economic liberalism, individual freedoms, and limited government intervention. The Montagnards, aligned with the radical elements of Paris, were initially not so different in their policies, but were more willing to adopt radical measures in the interests of defending the revolution. The plane, a large group of unaffiliated deputies, played a crucial role in determining the outcome of debates and decisions in the convention.
Factionalism and Disunity in the Convention
From the outset, the National Convention was plagued by factionalism and disunity. The Girondins and the Montagnards quickly engaged in bitter clashes and disputes, with accusations of dictatorship and conspiracy. The struggle for power and influence intensified as the convention turned its attention to the trial of the king. The lack of unity among the deputies contributed to a dysfunctional and hostile environment in the convention, with political rivalries often overshadowing the needs of the nation.
The National Convention meets in Paris. Who were the deputies who led France? What divided them? How accurate are the common perceptions of their politics? This episode explores the new national legislature and the factions that would dominate it.
Exclusive Bonus Content (Episode Extras)
1.44.1 The Legalisation of Divorce -Explore the ground-breaking legalisation of divorce in September 1792. Its impact was significant, and it would take almost 180 years for similar legislation to arrive in the United States and the United Kingdom!
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About
Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Emporer Napoleon Bonaparte, you're in the right place! Enjoy the Revolutions podcast? You'll love this!