Matthew Gabriel, a historian specializing in the Carolingian Empire and co-author of "Oathbreakers," joins to unravel the chaotic aftermath of Charlemagne's reign. He discusses the power struggles among Louis's sons and the violent succession disputes that defined the Carolingian Civil War. Insights into the Treaty of Verdun reveal how these conflicts led to the fragmentation of the once-mighty empire. Gabriel also reflects on how narratives were crafted to stabilize the tumultuous history, showcasing the complexities of this pivotal period in medieval Europe.
The Carolingian Empire's rapid fragmentation after Charlemagne's death showcases the devastating effects of internal strife among his descendants.
The socio-political identity of the Franks, portrayed as a 'chosen people,' highlights their efforts to forge unity within a diverse empire.
The Treaty of Verdun, while seemingly a resolution to civil wars, ultimately deepened animosities and set the stage for further conflict.
Deep dives
The Rise and Fall of the Carolingian Empire
The podcast discusses the significant historical figure Charlemagne, who played a crucial role in reviving the idea of the Roman Empire during the early medieval period. His reign established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed much of Western Europe; however, it began to fragment shortly after his death. The discussion emphasizes that the empire's dissolution was rapid, occurring within a few generations, as competing factions among Charlemagne's descendants tore it apart. The internal strife led to the emergence of distinct identities among the Franks, setting the stage for future conflicts.
The Concept of 'Franks' and Identity
The podcast clarifies the term 'Franks,' warning against the misconception equating them solely with the modern notion of French identity. During the medieval period, the Franks represented a broader group that included various conquered peoples who assimilated into the empire. The narrative of the Franks portrayed them as a 'chosen people,' constructing a collective identity around shared stories and historical experiences. This self-identification as divine participants laid the foundation for societal cohesion, even amidst internal conflicts.
Legacy of Military Conquest and Alliances
The podcast highlights how the Franks achieved their power through military victories over neighboring groups and skilled political maneuvering. They successfully absorbed those they conquered by granting them a form of inclusion within the Carolingian narrative. This willingness to forge alliances and integrate various factions was essential in maintaining control across their expansive empire. Such strategies not only strengthened their military prowess but also allowed for a shared cultural identity that persisted even after the empire's fragmentation.
The Catastrophic Battle of Fontenoy
The Battle of Fontenoy, which took place in 841, is presented as a pivotal event that underscored the turmoil within the Carolingian Empire. The battle resulted from a power struggle among Charlemagne's grandsons, leading to a catastrophic loss of lives due to fratricide. It marked a turning point in which the Franks transitioned from fighting external enemies to waging war against one another. The aftermath left deep psychological scars and made it clear that the once-unified narrative of the Franks was now fractured, highlighted by horror and guilt over the mass slaughter of fellow brethren.
Consequences of the Treaty of Verdun
The podcast culminates in a discussion about the Treaty of Verdun, which attempted to partition the Carolingian Empire among Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothar. While this treaty appeared to offer a resolution to the ongoing civil wars, it ultimately set the stage for further conflicts rather than genuine stability. The treaty's long-term consequences showcased how deeply-rooted animosities persisted among the Franks, undermining any sense of unity. In the wake of ongoing strife, the podcast emphasizes the complexities of historical narratives shaped by perspectives and political contexts, framing the Carolingians' story as one of inevitability programming their ultimate downfall.
What happens when one of the greatest empires in history begins to unravel? Matt Lewis explores the turbulent era of the Carolingian Empire's rise and fall with Matthew Gabriel and David Perry. The Carolingian Civil War saw kings fighting kings, brother facing off against brother, and sons challenging their fathers. Together they delve into the succession disputes among the Frankish rulers, the violent conflicts that shaped medieval Europe, and the myth-making that justified Carolingian rule.
Gone Medieval is presented by Matt Lewis and edited by Amy Haddow. The producer is Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.
All music used is courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.
Gone Medieval is a History Hit podcast.
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