Ashish Avikunthak, "Bureaucratic Archaeology: State, Science and Past in Postcolonial India" (Cambridge UP, 2022)
Jan 21, 2025
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Ashish Avikunthak, a Professor of Film Media at the University of Rhode Island, combines archaeology, cultural anthropology, and avant-garde filmmaking. He discusses the transformation of the Archaeological Survey of India from colonial tool to heritage custodian and its influence on national identity. The conversation dives into how state governance shapes archaeological practices and the politicization of history, especially around controversial sites like the Babri Masjid. Avikunthak also explores future perspectives on archaeological endeavors in India's evolving political landscape.
Dr. Avikantak's ethnographic study reveals how the ASI's bureaucratic practices shape political and religious identities in postcolonial India.
The Saraswati Heritage Project exemplifies the manipulation of archaeological knowledge to support contemporary nationalist narratives, challenging historical accuracy.
Deep dives
Introducing Bureaucratic Archaeology
The podcast discusses Dr. Ashish Avikantak's book, which provides an ethnographic study of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in the context of post-colonial India. It emphasizes how Dr. Avikantak blends his experiences in anthropology and filmmaking to analyze the intersections of archaeology, bureaucracy, and science. The work stands out as the first book-length ethnography of archaeological practice in a non-Western context, marking a significant contribution to postcolonial studies, science studies, and archaeological theory. Through fieldwork and detailed observations, the book highlights the everyday practices and lived experiences that shape the bureaucratic framework within which archaeological knowledge is produced in India.
The Transformation of ASI post-Colonialism
Dr. Avikantak outlines the evolution of the ASI from a colonial organization interested in mapping the past for military and administrative purposes to a post-colonial bureaucracy focused on heritage management. The podcast highlights the shift marked by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, who transformed ASI into a modern archaeological institution, emphasizing scientific knowledge production over mere antiquities collection. However, despite this potential for progressive change, the ASI remains burdened by bureaucratic rigidity and politicized ideologies that continue to influence archaeological practices. The podcast explains how this historical trajectory plays a vital role in understanding the dynamics of contemporary archaeology in India.
The Saraswati Heritage Project and Its Implications
A central component of the discussion is the Saraswati Heritage Project (SHP), a politically charged initiative driven by Hindu nationalistic aspirations that seeks to establish archaeology as a tool for legitimizing historical narratives. The SHP attempts to draw connections between ancient civilizations and contemporary Hindu identity, despite lacking robust archaeological evidence. Dr. Avikantak argues that the SHP serves as an example of how archaeological knowledge is manipulated to fit political agendas, distorting historical facts for nationalist ends. The podcast notes the significance of the project in framing the research agenda of the ASI amid India's ongoing cultural and political debates.
Ethnography's Role in Understanding Archaeological Practices
The podcast emphasizes Dr. Avikantak's ethnographic approach, which allows for an in-depth examination of the organizational structure and labor dynamics within the ASI. By investigating the hierarchical nature of the ASI and the often-overlooked contributions of laborers, the research sheds light on the complexities of knowledge production in archaeological excavations. The podcast suggests that this approach reveals the systemic issues stemming from bureaucratic conservatism that compromise the integrity of archaeological practices. Ultimately, Dr. Avikantak advocates for recognizing and rectifying these disparities to ensure a more equitable and accurate representation of India's rich archaeological heritage.
Bureaucratic Archaeology: State, Science and Past in Postcolonial India(Cambridge UP, 2022) presents a novel ethnographic examination of archaeological practice within postcolonial India, focusing on the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a site where scientific knowledge production intersects with state bureaucracy. Through granular analysis of ASI's quotidian operations, this monograph demonstrates how archaeological micro-practices materially influence the construction of political and religious identities, while simultaneously serving as empirical evidence in India's highest judicial proceedings.
This unprecedented study illuminates the epistemological ecology of postcolonial knowledge production from within the bureaucratic apparatus itself. As the first book-length investigation of archaeological practice beyond the Euro-American tradition, it reveals how non-Western archaeological theory and methodology generate distinct forms of knowledge, thereby expanding our understanding of archaeology's role in postcolonial state formation.
About the Author:
Ashish Avikunthak is a distinguished scholar working at the intersection of archaeology, cultural anthropology, and avant-garde filmmaking. He is Professor of Film Media at the University of Rhode Island's Harrington School of Communication, where his research bridges theoretical and practical approaches to cultural production. His experimental films have been exhibited internationally at prestigious institutions including Tate Modern, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Pacific Film Archive, as well as major film festivals such as Rotterdam and Locarno.
About the Host:
Stuti Roy has recently completed her MPhil in Modern South Asian Studies at the University of Oxford.