125 | David Haig on the Evolution of Meaning from Darwin to Derrida
Nov 30, 2020
01:15:28
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Evolution of meaning from Aristotle to Darwin and Derrida discussed by geneticist David Haig. Philosophy of purpose in biology, emergence of meanings, gene selfishness, and interpreting information through natural selection explored. Concepts of foundationalism, anti-foundationalism, and perception trustworthiness debated. Meaning of life, moral choices, and creation of personal meanings analyzed in metaethics and meta meaning.
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Quick takeaways
Evolution creates purposes without foresight, debunking teleological planning in biology.
Genetic imprinting reveals internal conflicts within organisms, showcasing conflicting purposes and suboptimal outcomes.
Gene selection operates at multiple levels, portraying genes as selfish agents shaping cooperative or selfish behaviors.
Deep dives
Darwin's Explanation of Natural Selection and Purpose in Evolution
Darwin's theory of evolution dispelled the notion of forward-looking purposes in biology by highlighting natural selection's role in creating organisms that act purposefully despite lacking foresight. Evolutionary biologist David Haig's examination delves into how purposes can emerge without teleological planning, emphasizing how natural selection has naturalized purposes in nature without requiring a supernatural source.
Internal Conflict and Cooperation in Genetic Inheritance
Haig explores the intricacies of genetic imprinting and internal conflict within organisms, particularly during embryonic and fetal development. He points out how genes of maternal and paternal origin can wrestle for dominance, leading to conflicting purposes within the same individual. This conflict is not only limited to genetic expression but also extends into evolutionary outcomes that may not always optimize well-being.
Genes as Selfish Agents and the Relationship Between Genetic Information and Trait Selection
Haig adopts the idea of genes as metaphorically selfish agents pursuing their own ends while constructing organisms that may exhibit cooperative or selfish behaviors. He elucidates the complex relationship between genetic information and trait selection, likening natural selection to a poet making choices among genetic alternatives based on their effects on the holistic organism, highlighting the significance of multi-level explanations in understanding evolutionary processes.
Interpreting Genes: Multi-Level Selectionism vs. Gene Selectionism
Multi-level selection theory defines genes as entities that can operate across different levels of biological hierarchy, from cells to groups, viewing genes as physical entities within a cell. On the other hand, gene selectionism, proposed by Richard Dawkins, sees genes as information that can be spread across various levels of the hierarchy, emphasizing their role in promoting copy propagation. The debate between these perspectives highlights differing interpretations of gene function and hierarchical relationships in evolutionary biology.
Information, Meaning, and Evolution: The Role of Interpreters
The podcast delves into the relationship between information, meaning, and evolution, exploring how interpreters, intentional beings that process information and make decisions, bridge the gap between uncertainty and action. While traditional information theory quantifies uncertainty resolution, the podcast suggests that quantifying meaning misses the qualitative essence of interpreting information. The evolution of cultural ideas, akin to genetic evolution, emphasizes the role of natural selection in creating meaningful outputs from environmental information, challenging conventional views on evolutionary dynamics.
Aristotle conceived of the world in terms of teleological “final causes”; Darwin, or so the story goes, erased purpose and meaning from the world, replacing them with a bloodless scientific algorithm. But should we abandon all talk of meanings and purposes, or instead conceptualize them as emergent rather than fundamental? Philosophers (and former Mindscape guests) Alex Rosenberg and Daniel Dennett recently had an exchange on just this subject, and today we’re going to hear from a working scientist. David Haig is a geneticist and evolutionary biologist who argues that it’s perfectly sensible to perceive meaning as arising through the course of evolution, even if evolution itself is purposeless.