#849: Dr. Michael Levin — Reprogramming Bioelectricity, Updating "Software" for Anti-Aging, Treating Cancer Without Drugs, Cognition of Cells, and Much More

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Jan 21, 2026

Dr. Michael Levin is a pioneering biologist at Tufts University, specializing in developmental bioelectricity and regeneration. He dives into how bioelectric signals serve as a 'software' that can reprogram biological systems, potentially revolutionizing treatments for cancer and aging. Levin discusses fascinating concepts like self-organizing tadpoles, rewriting anatomy without DNA changes, and the implications of electrical patterns in cellular memory. He also emphasizes cognition beyond neurons, suggesting a broader understanding of intelligence in biological systems.

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INSIGHT

Bodywide Bioelectric Memories

Developmental bioelectricity predates brains and organizes goal-directed patterning in tissues.
Electrical networks store anatomical memories that guide regeneration and form across species.

ANECDOTE

Scrambled Tadpoles Rebuild Normal Faces

Levin describes scrambled tadpole craniofacial organs that self-organize into a normal face.
The tissue navigates anatomical space toward a stored goal and stops when the goal is reached.

INSIGHT

Genome As Hardware, Bioelectricity As Software

Levin frames genome as hardware with reprogrammable software layered above it.
Bioelectric circuits act like memory and can be rewritten without changing DNA.

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Dr. Michael Levin (@drmichaellevin) is the Vannevar Bush Distinguished Professor of Biology at Tufts University and director of the Allen Discovery Center. He is primarily interested in how intelligence self-organizes in a diverse range of natural, engineered, and hybrid embodiments. Applied to the collective intelligence of cell groups undergoing morphogenesis, these ideas have allowed the Levin Lab to develop new applications in birth defects, organ regeneration, and cancer suppression.

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TIMESTAMPS:

[00:00:00] Start
[00:03:18] The Body Electric: A Vancouver bookstore discovery that launched a career.
[00:04:19] Bioelectricity 101: Your brain uses it to think; your body used it before you had a brain.
[00:06:05] The lesson learned by scrambled tadpole faces that rearrange themselves.
[00:08:51] Software vs. hardware: The genome is your factory settings, not your destiny.
[00:11:43] Two-headed flatworms: Rewriting biological memory without touching DNA.
[00:16:20] Seeing memories: Voltage-sensitive dyes reveal the body’s hidden blueprints.
[00:20:12] Three killer apps for humans: Birth defects, regeneration, and cancer.
[00:24:27] Cancer as identity crisis: Cells forgetting they’re part of a team.
[00:25:40] The boredom theory of aging: Goal-seeking systems with nothing left to do.
[00:30:09] Planaria’s immortality hack: Rip yourself in half every two weeks.
[00:31:27] Manhattan Project for aging: Crack cellular cognition, everything else falls into place.
[00:33:47] Giving cells new goals: Convince a gut to become an eye.
[00:37:42] Must mammalian mortality be mandatory?
[00:40:25] Cross-pollination: Why biologists would benefit from programming courses.
[00:47:15] Does acupuncture actually do anything?
[00:50:57] Placebo as feature, not bug: Words and drugs share the same mechanism.
[00:55:06] The frame problem: Why robots explode and rats intuit what matters.
[00:59:41] Binary thinking is a trap: “Is it intelligent?” is the wrong question.
[01:07:46] Minimal brain, normal IQ: Clinical cases that break neuroscience.
[01:08:45] Super panpsychism: Your liver might have opinions.
[01:13:48] The Platonic space: Bodies as thin clients for patterns from elsewhere.
[01:15:24] Keep asking “why” and you end up in the math department.
[01:23:07] Polycomputing: Sorting algorithms secretly doing side quests.
[01:28:24] Power scaling for the future and avoiding red herrings for understanding machine minds.
[01:34:06] Sci-fi recommendations.
[01:37:24] Cliff Tabin’s toast and Dan Dennett’s steel manning.
[01:41:21] Parting thoughts.

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