The podcast explores widening moral circles to include insects, AI, and plants. It delves into factory farming's ethical implications and consciousness definitions. Discussions touch on abortion, free will, and panpsychism. Ethics, intrinsic values, and Valuism are also debated with a focus on doing good amidst uncertainties.
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Quick takeaways
Expanding moral circles to include insects and AIs challenges traditional views on ethical considerations.
The complexity of AI consciousness poses unique ethical dilemmas and risks in moral evaluations.
Human constructivism emphasizes aligning beliefs and actions for informed ethical decision-making.
Deep dives
Ethical Considerations Regarding Insects and AI
The conversation delves into the moral implications surrounding insects and AI systems. Jeff Sebow and Spencer discuss the potential for unintentionally causing harm to non-human populations, the ethical dilemmas surrounding factory farming, and the importance of acknowledging the possibility of consciousness in insects and AI systems.
The Repugnant Conclusion and Moral Complexity
The discussion explores the repugnant conclusion, highlighting the ethical complexities in evaluating the well-being of multiple barely happy lives versus fewer very happy lives. It raises thought-provoking questions about expanding moral consideration to encompass a broader range of beings, emphasizing the need for cautious and humble ethical judgments.
Challenges in Assessing AI Consciousness
The conversation shifts to the unique challenges in determining AI consciousness. Jeff and Spencer address the difficulties in assessing AI sentience compared to traditional living beings, discussing the limitations in using traditional indicators like evolutionary history and behavioral experiments. The dialogue underscores the potential ethical risks of inadvertently crossing ethical boundaries with AI advancements.
The Importance of Considering Non-Humans in Moral Decisions
Consideration towards non-human entities like insects and AI systems is valuable in ethical deliberations. While prioritizing one's family and values is significant, extending some level of consideration to non-humans can inform moral behavior. The speaker emphasizes the need to challenge intuitions and biases that may discount the moral significance of non-humans. Reflecting on principles beyond traditional human-centric views can enhance ethical reasoning.
Human Constructivism and Ethical Decision-Making
Human constructivism, a meta-ethical theory, posits that morality is based on individual beliefs and values. Ethical responsibilities stem from personal aspirations to act impartially and coherently. Contrary to realist views on objective moral truths, human constructivism highlights the importance of aligning beliefs and actions. The speaker underscores the significance of integrating evidence and reason to foster coherence and informed decision-making in ethical frameworks.
How did we end up with factory farming? How many animals do we kill every year in factory farms? When we consider the rights of non-human living things, we tend to focus mainly on the animal kingdom, and in particular on relatively larger, more complex animals; but to what extent should insects, plants, fungi, and even single-celled organisms deserve our moral consideration? Do we know anything about what it's like (or not) to be an AI? To what extent is the perception of time linked to the speed at which one's brain processes information? What's the difference between consciousness and sentience? Should an organism be required to have consciousness and/or sentience before we'll give it our moral consideration? What evidence do we have that various organisms and/or AIs are conscious? What do we know about the evolutionary function of consciousness? What's the "rebugnant conclusion"? What might it mean to "harm" an AI? What can be done by the average person to move the needle on these issues? What should we say to people who think all of this is ridiculous? What is Humean constructivism? What do all of the above considerations imply about abortion? Do we (or any organisms or AIs) have free will? How likely is it that panpsychism is true?
Jeff Sebo is Associate Professor of Environmental Studies; Affiliated Professor of Bioethics, Medical Ethics, Philosophy, and Law; Director of the Animal Studies M.A. Program; Director of the Mind, Ethics, and Policy Program; and Co-Director of the Wild Animal Welfare Program at New York University. He is the author of Saving Animals, Saving Ourselves (2022) and co-author of Chimpanzee Rights (2018) and Food, Animals, and the Environment (2018). He is also an executive committee member at the NYU Center for Environmental and Animal Protection, a board member at Minding Animals International, an advisory board member at the Insect Welfare Research Society, a senior research fellow at the Legal Priorities Project, and a mentor at Sentient Media.