Discussions on the innovative Etruscan civilization in Italy, their origins from Anatolia, economic foundations in mining, distinctive artistry in tomb structures, reevaluating the role of women in society, and their influence on Roman culture and history.
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Quick takeaways
Etruscans' unique language written in modified Greek alphabet, emphasizing interpreting signs from gods.
Etruscan art showcased daily life scenes with humor, retaining unique style despite Greek influence.
Deep dives
Etruscan Civilization Origins
The Etruscans, residing in modern Italy between Rome and Florence, were believed to originate from Lydia in Turkey as per Herodotus. DNA studies caused debate about their origin, but archaeology suggests they were native to Italy. The Etruscans' unique language was written in a modified Greek alphabet that emphasized interpreting signs from gods, distinct from Greek and Roman religious practices.
Etruscan Society and Power Structure
Etruscan society evolved from individual power to family-based oligarchy in the 6th century BC. Cities like Chervetirii displayed increasing wealth through elaborate tombs, showcasing economic prosperity. The Etruscans' prosperous mining industry, especially for tin and copper, in Tuscany and Elba, fueled their wealth and access to skilled artisans. The Etruscans' influence on Rome and reciprocal cultural exchange between the two were significant.
Etruscan Art and Influence
Etruscan art, notably in painted tombs like Tarquinia, depicted scenes of daily life with a touch of direct observation and humor, distinct from Greek idealization. While influenced by Greek art, Etruscan artists retained their unique style and commissioned Greek craftsmen for specific projects. The extensive painted tombs and architectural terracotta demonstrate the Etruscans' creative expression and cultural richness.
Etruscan Decline and Romanization
Over time, the Etruscans were absorbed into Roman influence through political conquest and Romanization. Etruscan cities under Rome's power underwent a process of cultural exchange rather than complete imposition of Roman culture. The Etruscans' power waned, and their unique civilization slowly merged with Roman society, leaving behind a legacy of art, influence, and mystery.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Etruscan civilisation.Around 800 BC a sophisticated civilisation began to emerge in the area of Italy now known as Tuscany. The Etruscans thrived for the next eight hundred years, extracting and trading copper and developing a sophisticated culture. They were skilled soldiers, architects and artists, and much of their handiwork survives today. They are also believed to have given us the alphabet, an innovation they imported from Greece. Eventually the Etruscan civilisation was absorbed into that of Rome, but not before it had profoundly influenced Roman art and religion, and even its politics.With:Phil PerkinsProfessor of Archaeology at the Open UniversityDavid RidgwaySenior Research Fellow at the Institute of Classical Studies at the University of LondonCorinna RivaLecturer in Mediterranean Archaeology at University College London.Producer: Thomas Morris.
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