Management of Genital Urinary Symptoms of Menopause

Genital urinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) refers to the changes in the vulva, vagina, birth canal, and bladder caused by menopausal hormone changes. Symptoms include vaginal dryness, pain during sex, post-quital bleeding, recurrent bladder infections, and incontinence. Simple treatments like lubricants and moisturizers can provide relief. A study found that cheap over-the-counter moisturizers are just as effective as expensive ones. Personal lubricants and moisturizers should not exceed an osmolality of 380, according to the World Health Organization.