Freakonomics Radio Who Pays for “Messiah”?
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Dec 17, 2025 
Gary Parr, senior managing director at Apollo and a philanthropist, shares his insights on music philanthropy and the economics behind the New York Philharmonic. He discusses the costly nature of orchestras and how donations play a vital role in funding the arts, comparing U.S. practices with European models. Parr also reflects on the enduring appeal of Handel's Messiah, its significance in holiday programming, and his personal connection to the piece. He highlights the impact of the Shanghai residency on audience and donor engagement, revealing a fascinating intersection of culture and finance.
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Orchestras Need Philanthropy To Survive
- Orchestras are extremely expensive to run and rely heavily on individual philanthropy rather than ticket revenue.
- Ticket sales typically cover only about 30–35% of an orchestra's budget, so donors must close the gap.
Ticket Prices Alone Won't Fix Budgets
- Raising ticket prices to Broadway levels would likely slash attendance and still may not cover costs.
- Practical viability requires philanthropy because demand won't sustain $400–$500 concert tickets.
Endow Signature Programs During Campaigns
- Endow signature performances to secure traditions and revenue during capital campaigns.
- Gary Parr endowed the Philharmonic's Messiah to preserve a high-performing seasonal fixture.