Does Market Failure Justify Government Intervention? (with Michael Munger)
Jun 17, 2024
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Duke University economist Michael Munger discusses the history of government intervention in response to market failure, exploring debates on maximizing happiness through allocation, the role of trial and error in decision-making, product innovation, and the challenges of industrial policy. The conversation delves into government failure in decision-making processes, expert committees in governance, and perceptions of bureaucracies.
Government failure involves substantive failures like regulation and law enforcement, not just correcting market failures.
Procedural government failures occur when decisions do not lead to mutually beneficial outcomes, questioning the effectiveness of government intervention.
Value community involvement and public experimentation alongside government actions to address societal challenges effectively.
Deep dives
The Necessity of Government Failure
Government failure is not just about correcting market failure but encompasses substantive failures like regulation, adjudication, currency stability, border control, and law enforcement. Maintaining core state functions is vital for governments to avoid failure, focusing on what they do best rather than trying to do everything.
Procedural Failures and Pareto Optimality
Procedural government failures involve choosing between Pareto Optima, representing the challenge of deciding between mutually beneficial outcomes. Various procedures, like voting or bureaucracy, often do not lead to Pareto Optimal outcomes, questioning the effectiveness of government intervention.
Experimentation in the Public Sector
Exploring public sector experimentation and the importance of independent private associations like voluntary private campaigns and actions as highlighted in Tocqueville's observations. Emphasizing the value of community involvement and public experimentation alongside government actions for addressing societal challenges.
Maintaining Bureaucratic Norms and Expert Authority
Discussing the role of bureaucratic norms and expert authority in government decision-making. Highlighting the limitations of bureaucratic power and the challenges related to governments rising above their authority, emphasizing the need for effective institutional design and the respect and credibility of bureaucracy.
Comparing Government and Market Failures
Reviewing the challenges of both government and market failures and the need for case-by-case evaluations to determine which system performs better empirically. Criticizing the oversimplification of potential solutions like rewriting the Constitution and the importance of realistic approaches to governance.
Public Choice in Decision-Making
Exploring the concept of public choice in decision-making processes and the complexities of evaluating government and market outcomes for societal optimization. Acknowledging the need for nuanced analyses and practical solutions to address government and market failures effectively.
Economics students are often taught that government should intervene when there is market failure. But what about government failure? Should we expect government intervention to outperform market outcomes? Listen as Duke University economist Michael Munger explores the history of how economists have thought about this dilemma and possible ways to find a third or even fourth option beyond government or markets.
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