Greg Ashman, author of A Little Guide for Teachers, discusses Cognitive Load Theory, optimizing memory, and the importance of finding the right balance of challenge in learning to enhance memory encoding, minimize cognitive load, and tailor teaching methods to diverse learner levels.
Long-term memory is our superpower for effortless information retrieval.
Scaffolding should gradually fade to cater to novice and expert learners differently.
Utilizing visuals and text separately can enhance learning comprehension.
Deep dives
Understanding Cognitive Load Theory
Cognitive Load Theory focuses on the interplay between working memory and long-term memory. Working memory, analogous to conscious thinking, processes current thoughts and has a limited capacity (four to five items). Long-term memory stores information over time and is our human superpower, allowing effortless retrieval of information. The theory emphasizes that novices may struggle due to limited working memory capacity, but experts benefit from extensive long-term memory schemas, reducing cognitive load.
Balancing Cognitive Load for Novices and Experts
The guidance fading effect highlights the need for gradual reduction of scaffolds from fully guided instruction to independent problem-solving, catering to novices and experts differently. For novices, explicit input and structured guidance are essential to build understanding, while experts benefit from practice and problem-solving activities. Intentionally adjusting instructional methods based on learners' expertise levels helps optimize learning outcomes.
Managing Transient Information and Dual Coding
The transient information effect underscores the challenge of juggling information for analysis and memory retention simultaneously, affecting cognitive processing. Managing this effect involves providing visual aids or textual prompts to refresh working memory during analytical tasks. Dual coding principles suggest utilizing visuals and text explanations separately but efficiently to enhance learning comprehension.
Applying Guidance Fading and Expertise Reversal Effect
The guidance fading and expertise reversal effect advocate tailoring instructional strategies by gradually removing support for experts and novices. Shifting from explicit teaching to problem-solving activities for experts, and structured guidance for novices ensure effective learning progression. Adapting scaffolded approaches based on learners' evolving expertise levels fosters skill development and problem-solving abilities.
Embracing Evidence-Based Cognitive Load Theory
Cognitive Load Theory boasts a strong evidence base derived from controlled randomized control trials, making it one of the most supported educational theories. Despite some artificiality in experiments, the theory's replicable effects make it a trusted framework in education. Understanding and implementing cognitive load theory principles can enhance teaching practices and improve learning outcomes.
