In this engaging discussion, historian Bettany Hughes sheds light on the enigmatic Nabataean empire, renowned for its wealthy trade in frankincense and myrrh. These aromatic treasures were crucial during ancient times, often dubbed the 'tears of the gods.' Bettany delves into the impressive engineering and maritime skills of the Nabataeans, reveals their clever positioning in trade routes, and highlights their cultural legacy, including their remarkable city of Petra. Join in for an exploration of this influential yet overlooked civilization!
Frankincense and myrrh were highly valued not only for their aromatic qualities but also for their medicinal and spiritual significance in ancient practices.
The Nabataeans showcased advanced societal structures and infrastructure, particularly in trade and women's rights, which contributed to their lasting influence in history.
Deep dives
The Significance of Frankincense and Myrrh
Frankincense and myrrh hold historical and cultural significance, stemming from their ancient use in religious and healing practices. These substances are saps harvested from specific trees, with frankincense coming from the Boswellia sacra tree and myrrh from different species. Both have been valued not only for their aromas but also for their medicinal and antibacterial properties. The ancient world recognized the utility of these substances, which were often burned in temples during rituals, representing prayers being carried to the gods.
The Importance of the Nabataeans
The Nabataeans were a powerful and influential society known for their trading prowess and expertise in water engineering. Originating as desert-dwelling nomads, they became successful traders of frankincense and other commodities, controlling vital trade routes. Their settlements, notably Petra, showcased advanced city planning, including sophisticated water systems that transformed arid regions into lush oases. Despite their significant contributions to trade and culture, the Nabataeans often remain overlooked in historical records compared to their contemporaries like the Greeks and Romans.
The Role of Women in Nabataean Society
In Nabataean society, women held significant rights and responsibilities, which was notably advanced for their time. Women were involved in trade, had ownership rights, and could even collect taxes. Their status contributed to a more egalitarian society, where both men and women played essential roles in trade and commerce. This cooperative framework among genders was instrumental in their success in the competitive economies of the ancient world.
Cultural Interactions and Legacy
The interaction between the Nabataeans and the Romans was complex, characterized by both cooperation and conflict. Although the Romans sought to dominate the lucrative trade routes and incense market, the Nabataeans skillfully negotiated their position, becoming essential allies while maintaining their independence. Their unique contributions to infrastructure and commerce allowed them to flourish and adapt as historical dynamics shifted over time. This enduring legacy is evident in the architectural and cultural remnants that continue to inspire interest in the Nabataean civilization today.
“The Nabateans are a silent partner in everything that goes on in the high summer of the Ancient period” - Bettany Hughes
By the time of Jesus’ birth, a mysterious empire had built its wealth through trading two of the gifts present at the Nativity: frankincense and myrrh. Aromatic crystals harvested from the sap of gnarled trees, frankincense and myrrh were highly desirable commodities known as the tears or the breath of the gods. Based along the coast of the Red Sea, the nomadic Nabatean people were engineers, mariners and savvy traders, and they cleverly placed themselves as the middlemen in the trade of this incense. The Nabateans gave the world Arabic, and had a kingdom that even Alexander the Great could not siege - so why do so many of us know nothing about them?
Listen as Anita and William are joined by Bettany Hughes to discuss how the Christmas gifts of frankincense and myrrh powered a mysterious and innovative kingdom…