Cat Bohannon, researcher on evolution of narrative and cognition, discusses topics including the combat within a pregnant woman, magic of breastfeeding nipples, origins of sex bifurcation, dangers of pregnancy, postpartum depression, women's hunting abilities, and the importance of early communication in child development.
Breastfeeding is a critical aspect of mammalian evolution, providing hydration, nutrition, and immune support to newborns, as well as facilitating social bonding and language development.
Childbirth is a complex and perilous process for women, highlighting their immense physical and emotional endurance in bringing new life into the world.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Breastfeeding and the Importance of Milk
Breastfeeding has played a crucial role in mammalian evolution, including human evolution. The ability for mothers to produce and deliver milk to their young has provided numerous advantages for survival and development. For example, milk serves as a source of hydration and nutrition, as well as an important immune booster for newborns. The process of breastfeeding involves the creation of a vacuum through the baby's latch, which draws the milk from the mother's breast. This process also creates a two-way communication system, where the baby's saliva is transported back to the mother's body, signaling any necessary adjustments in milk composition. Breastfeeding not only provides nourishment, but also facilitates social bonding between mother and child, which is critical for language development and overall growth.
The Challenges of Childbirth
Childbirth has long been a dangerous and complex process for women. Historically, and in many parts of the world today, women face numerous risks and complications during childbirth. Human childbirth is particularly challenging due to the relatively large size of the baby's head compared to the mother's body, as well as the long gestation period and extensive postpartum recovery. Although modern medical advancements have improved the safety of childbirth, it remains a perilous endeavor, even with access to the best healthcare. The pain, trauma, and potential complications associated with childbirth highlight the immense physical and emotional endurance that women undergo to bring new life into the world.
Language Development and Parent-Child Communication
The early years of a child's life are crucial for language development, and parents play a significant role in this process. Mothers, in particular, often use a special communicative style known as parenties or motheries when speaking to their babies. These unique speech patterns involve higher pitch, elongated words, and exaggerated expressions. Parenties not only capture the attention and interest of infants, but also help them distinguish individual words and understand the structure of language. Furthermore, the close interaction between mother and child during breastfeeding fosters deep social bonds and facilitates early communication skills. The combination of parenties and breastfeeding provides a rich language-learning environment and forms the foundation for a child's linguistic development.
The Cultural and Social Significance of Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is not just a biological process, but also carries cultural and social significance. Throughout history, mothers have been central to the care and nurturing of infants due to their unique ability to breastfeed. Breastfeeding creates a deep bond between mother and child, serving as a source of comfort, nourishment, and emotional connection. The act of breastfeeding also carries symbolic meaning, representing the nurturing and sustaining role of women in society. However, it is important to recognize that breastfeeding experiences and cultural attitudes vary widely across different communities and individuals. While breastfeeding is a natural process, it is also a deeply personal and complex journey influenced by social, cultural, and personal factors.
Cat is a researcher who focuses on the evolution of narrative and cognition. Her essays and poems have appeared in Scientific American, Mind, Science Magazine, and other publications. Her fascinating new book is Eve: How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Human Evolution, and I highly recommend it.
For two clips of our convo — on the combat that occurs within a pregnant woman between mother and child, and the magic of nipples while breastfeeding — pop over to our YouTube page. Other topics: Cat growing up near the “Confederate Mount Rushmore”; her mom the pianist and her dad the research psychologist; Cat helping him in the laboratory he ran; why medical research has ignored female subjects; plastination and Body Worlds; studying the first lactating mammal, Morganucodon; the origins of sex bifurcation; how “binary” is now controversial; how your gut contains countless organisms; how the placenta protects a fetus from being attacked by the mom; the dangers of pregnancy and childbirth; preeclampsia; how human reproduction is much longer than other mammals’; postpartum depression; why the left breast is favored in breastfeeding; the maternal voice; Pinker’s The Language Instinct; humans as hyper-social animals; how women hunted and obtained just as much protein as men — in different ways; our omnivore flexibility; sexed voices; how even livers have a sex; the only reliable way to determine the sex of brains; how male cells can end up in a female brain; why women are more likely to wake during surgery; sexual pleasure; bird copulation; duck vaginas; the chimp’s “polka dot” penis; why the slower sex of humans was key to our evolution; my challenging of Cat’s claim that 20 percent of people are homosexual; and foreskin and boobs and clits, oh my.
On that “20 percent of humans are homosexual” question, which I challenged directly on the podcast, it turns out Bohannon made a mistake which she says she will correct in future editions. As often happens, she conflated the “LGBTQ+” category with homosexuality, and relied on a quirky outlier study rather than the more reliable and standard measurements from places like the Williams Institute or Gallup. Williams says 1.7 percent of Americans are homosexual, i.e. gay or lesbian. Gallup says it’s 2.4 percent. The trouble, of course, with the LGBTQIA+ category is that almost 60 percent are bisexual, and the “Queer” category can include heterosexuals as well. As a way of polling actual, same-sex attracted gays and lesbians, it’s useless. And designed to be useless.
Note too Gallup’s percentage of “LGBTQIA+” people who define themselves as “queer”. It’s 1.8 percent of us. And yet that word, which is offensive and triggering to many, and adopted by the tiniest fraction of actual homosexuals, is now regarded by the mainstream media as the right way to describe all of us. In the podcast, you can see that Cat simply assumes that “queer” is now used universally — because the activists and academics who form her environment have co-opted it. She readily sees how that could be the case, when we discussed it. I wish the MSM would do the same: stop defining all gays the way only 1.8 percent of the “LGBTQ+” “community” do. Of course they won’t. They’re far more interested in being woke than telling the truth.
Browse the Dishcast archive for another convo you might enjoy (the first 102 episodes are free in their entirety — subscribe to get everything else). Coming up: McKay Coppins on Romney and the GOP, Jennifer Burns on her new biography of Milton Friedman, Joe Klein with a year-end review, and Alexandra Hudson on civility. Please send any guest recs, dissent and other comments to dish@andrewsullivan.com.
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