Bonus Episode: Assessing the Macroeconomic Consequences of Biden vs. Trump
Jul 3, 2024
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The podcast discusses the economic policies of Biden vs. Trump, analyzing potential impacts on tax code, government spending, trade, immigration, and regulatory policies. They explore how presidents can influence the economy through executive actions, drive policies through Congress, and fulfill campaign promises. The chapter also dives into the economic consequences of their campaign promises, including implications on GDP, inflation, deficits, debt, and labor market.
Economic policies under Biden prioritize social welfare programs and income support.
Trump's policies may lead to a mild recession due to tariffs and immigration actions.
Deep dives
Baseline Scenario: Status Quo and Stability
Under the baseline scenario, the economy remains stable with GDP growth at trend rates of around 2%. Unemployment is expected to rise slightly and then stabilize. Inflation returns to the Fed's target range. The scenario includes an extension of the Trump tax cuts for those earning below $400K, no major changes in corporate tax rates or tariffs. Deficits remain high but stable, and interest rates settle around 3%.
Trump Sweep Scenario: Economic Impact
In the Trump sweep scenario with Republicans winning Congress, a 10% universal tariff is enacted generating revenue but causing inflation and hitting consumer confidence. The scenario includes deportations of 1 million unauthorized immigrants yearly, leading to supply chain disruptions and labor market dislocations. The tax cuts partially offset by tariffs add to the deficit, and the economy enters a mild recession mid-2025.
Divided Congress Scenario: Watered-Down Policies
Under the scenario where Trump wins with a divided Congress, the policy changes are milder than the sweep scenario. Immigration policies reflect past actions, tax cuts are watered down, and there's a 5% average tariff rate. Impacts include reduced uncertainty compared to the sweep scenario with less severe economic effects.
In the Democratic sweep scenario reflecting Biden's budget priorities, tax cuts for lower income brackets are extended, corporate tax rates are raised, and various social welfare programs are expanded. This scenario aligns closely with Biden's proposed policies focusing on support for low to moderate-income households and key social spending initiatives.
President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump will pursue very different economic policies if reelected. Both have put forward a wide range of proposals to change the tax code, government spending, and trade, immigration and regulatory policies that if implemented could have significant consequences on the economy’s performance for years to come. In this bonus episode of Inside Economics, the team considers what policies would likely be implemented under different election scenarios and their economic impact.
Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody’s Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody’s Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody’s Analytics
Follow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
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