Jocko Podcast Civil War Excursion With JD Baker Pt.6: The Battle of Gettysburg
Dec 9, 2022
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An expert in Civil War history, JD Baker, discusses General Meade's appointment, attrition effects on armies, strategic movements before Gettysburg, Buford's tactics, leadership dynamics, and terrain analysis. Topics include Sickles' defiance, Bigelow's expertise, echelon attack strategy, and reflections on Pickett's Charge. The podcast offers insights on historical events and leadership lessons from the Battle of Gettysburg.
Buford's strategic defensive depth at Gettysburg showcased calculated risk-taking.
Union's focus on high ground vs. Confederate maneuver to disrupt supply lines.
Lee's leadership challenges due to Longstreet's hesitations and delays.
Dynamic battlefield decisions shaped events, from delayed maneuvers to individual initiatives.
Intense combat at Little Round Top & Pickett's Charge marked critical moments of Civil War.
Deep dives
Buford's Decision on the Defense Strategy
Despite facing overwhelming odds, Buford decides to defend against a large force of foot soldiers with full artillery support. Recognizing the risk involved, he positions his troops in a defensive depth while considering the consequences of his plan. His enthusiasm for calculated risk and the strength of the defensive position he selected leads him to commit to the greatest challenge of his career by slowing down the advance of the Army of Northern Virginia.
Cavalry Role as Horseholders and Defensive Strategy
Buford's cavalry forces include horseholders, reducing his fighting strength by a quarter as they care for the horses crucial for their extraction platform. Recognizing the need to hold his ground and buy time, Buford plans to engage in a defense in depth strategy, harassing and slowing down the Confederate advance to prevent their rapid progress.
Buford's Vision and Relationship with Reynolds
Buoyed by his thorough situational awareness and understanding of the Confederate movements, Buford decides to take on the significant challenge of delaying Lee's army with a calculated risk. His strong relationship with Reynolds leads him to seek support and convey the urgency of the situation, trusting in Reynolds' response to reinforce his position at Gettysburg against the approaching Confederate forces.
Advancing Towards Gettysburg
Confederate General, Reynolds, swiftly advances towards Gettysburg upon learning of the Union forces' movement, driven by the urgency to secure high ground. Reynolds' actions display quick strategic thinking and trust in the chain of command, contrasting previous exaggerated reports by other commanders.
Strategic Maneuvering and High Ground
Reynolds prioritizes securing the advantageous high ground at Gettysburg, setting the stage for a crucial battle. Trust and open-mindedness within the Union forces guide decision-making, emphasizing the significance of selecting the battlefield and recognizing the value of strategic positioning for success.
Conflicting Strategies at Gettysburg
Divergent strategies emerge as Union and Confederate forces converge at Gettysburg. While one side focuses on exploiting the high ground and logistical advantages, the other contemplates a broader maneuver to disrupt supply lines and gain strategic positioning. These differing approaches set the stage for a pivotal clash at Gettysburg.
Leadership Challenges in Making Decisive Moves
Robert E. Lee faces challenges in executing his plans due to resistance from Longstreet, who hesitates and delays in a crucial moment. Lee's leadership style of 'shut up and follow orders' creates tension and a lack of unified command. Longstreet's slow response to execute planned actions results in significant delays and the need for last-minute adjustments, showcasing the difficulties of command in critical situations.
Strategic Shifts and Tactical Decisions on the Battlefield
As the battle unfolds, strategic shifts and tactical decisions shape the course of events. From a delayed flanking maneuver turning into an echelon attack, to disobedience of orders leading to unexpected movements towards prominent terrain features like the Round Tops. Individual initiatives and strategic adjustments, such as Warren's urgent call reinforcements to Little Round Top and Chamberlain's vital role in holding positions, highlight the dynamic nature of battlefield decisions in the midst of chaos and uncertainty.
The Desperate Combat at Little Round Top
A key point of the podcast episode revolves around the intense combat at Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg. The narrative delves into the strategic decisions and fierce fighting that occurred, focusing on the 20th Maine regiment and their critical role in repelling Confederate forces. Led by Joshua Chamberlain, the 20th Maine engaged in a determined bayonet charge, facing overwhelming odds and sustaining significant casualties. Through vivid descriptions and historical accounts, the episode highlights the bravery and sacrifice displayed by soldiers on both sides during this pivotal moment of the Civil War.
Pickett's Charge and the High Watermark of the Confederacy
Another significant aspect discussed is Pickett's Charge, a dramatic frontal assault launched by Confederate forces on the final day of the Battle of Gettysburg. With over 12,000 men advancing across an open field towards Union positions, the charge resulted in devastating casualties and marked a turning point in the conflict. The narrative emphasizes the challenges faced by the Confederates, including exposed terrain, artillery barrages, and the failed attempt to break through Union lines. Moreover, the podcast explores the aftermath of the charge, reflecting on the immense losses suffered and the impact on both Union and Confederate forces, symbolized by the high watermark of the Confederacy at Gettysburg.
By July 1863, the Confederate army’s continuing success in battle emboldened General Lee to move the war into the north. While Lee and his troops passed through Maryland into Pennsylvania, Lincoln replaced General Joseph Hooker with General George Meade, who hastily pursued Lee. On the morning of July 1, the two armies finally met outside of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
