Explore the life and ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre, from his relationship with Simone de Beauvoir to his political activism and enduring quotes. Delve into the philosophical complexities of identity in his novel Lanose, resistance embedded in his plays, provocative remarks on freedom under Nazi occupation, and the intricate dynamics between Sartre and Albert Camus.
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Quick takeaways
Sartre combined existentialism and Marxism, emphasizing human freedom in historical context.
Disillusioned with theatre, Sartre shifted focus to cinema and screenplay writing.
Sartre's portrayal of Genet challenged societal norms, revealing a dialectical exploration of identity.
Deep dives
Sartre's Philosophy: Balancing Existentialism and Marxism
Sartre attempted to fuse existentialism and Marxism by redefining Marxism's role, giving human freedom a significant place within historical circumstances. He believed that individuals become who they are through stories they tell themselves, focusing on the essence of storytelling in shaping identity.
Sartre's Theatrical Evolution
After producing a series of politically charged plays during the 1940s, Sartre moved away from theatre due to disillusionment with its impact and shifts in the theatrical landscape. His plays faced misinterpretation and took on lives of their own, pushing Sartre to reevaluate the theatrical platform and its appropriation of his works.
Sartre's Influence on Cinema
Sartre envisaged a significant role for cinema, considering its potential to make a cultural impact. He emphasized the evolving nature of theatre, influenced by works like Beckett's, and projected a potential career in screenplay writing, notably penning a compelling script on Freud for John Huston.
San Genet and Moral Lessons
In 'Saint Genet,' Sartre controversially portrays the daringly homosexual thief as an existential hero challenging societal norms. Despite offending readers and Genet himself, Sartre's shift from 'we are what we do' to 'we are what we make of what others make of us' reveals a dialectical dimension in his exploration.
Sartre's Lasting Legacy
Sartre's legacy lies in being a public philosopher who creatively engaged with fundamental philosophical concepts like freedom and consciousness, connecting them with ethical and political conduct. His ability to survive as a freelance philosopher and intertwine individual identity with storytelling resonates as a significant aspect of his lasting contributions.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Jean-Paul Sartre, the French novelist, playwright, and philosopher who became the king of intellectual Paris and a focus of post war politics and morals. Sartre's own life was coloured by jazz, affairs, Simone de Beauvoir and the intellectual camaraderie of Left Bank cafes. He maintained an extraordinary output of plays, novels, biographies, and philosophical treatises as well as membership of the communist party and a role in many political controversies. He produced some wonderful statements: "my heart is on the left, like everyone else's", and "a human person is what he is not, not what he is", and, most famously "we are condemned to be free". Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss how Sartre's novels and plays express his ideas and what light Sartre's life brings to bear on his philosophy and his philosphy on his life. With Jonathan Rée, philosopher and historia; Benedict O'Donohoe, Principal Lecturer in French at the University of the West of England and Secretary of the UK Society for Sartrean Studies; Christina Howells, Professor of French at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Wadham College.
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