The Rise and Fall of the East, Professor Yasheng Huang
Aug 29, 2023
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MIT Professor Yasheng Huang discusses the resilience of the Chinese Communist Party, the impact of the keju imperial examinations on Chinese autocracy and culture, and lessons from South Korea on growth and democratisation. They also explore the role of civil service exams in Chinese history and the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties' innovativeness. Additionally, they discuss the long-term effects of the KJU examination and concerns about China's future and succession.
The resilience of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) contradicts social science theories of political and economic modernization, as demonstrated by the high approval rate of the social credit system.
The civil service examination system in China, while fostering a culture of hard work and meritocracy, served as a political tool for the regime by preventing political competition and eroding the prospects of democracy.
Deep dives
The resilience of the CCP and its anomalies
Despite numerous predictions of its demise, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has remained resilient. Historical disasters and policy failures have not led to its collapse like in other regimes. Furthermore, the CCP's persistence contradicts the social science theory of economic and political modernization. An example of this is the high approval rate of the social credit system, which highlights the trust people place in the CCP.
The impact of the civil service exams
The civil service examination system, introduced in China, was a unique approach to evaluating human capital that happened early in Chinese civilization. This system prioritized memorization and conformity, fostering a culture of hard work and a belief in meritocracy. While it had negative effects on Chinese technology and innovation, it served as a political tool for the regime, preventing political competition and eroding the prospects of democracy.
The implications of cultural influences
While Confucianism played a significant role in the civil service examination system, the system itself contributed to the dominance of Confucianism as the preferred ideology. While Confucianism incubated work ethics and discipline, it also hindered the generation of market economics and political democracy. However, cultural factors are not absolute barriers, as seen in South Korea, where Christianity and Western influence played a crucial role in democratic and economic development.
The prospects for China's future
The stability of China is likely to persist as long as conflicts among the elites remain contained. Street-level conflicts may increase due to economic slowdown, but the real challenge lies in the issue of succession within the CCP. The reintroduction of inter-elite conflicts through the removal of term limits by Xi Jinping creates uncertainty and raises concerns about stability. Alongside low economic growth, this could be a significant source of future instability in China.
A conversation with MIT Professor Yasheng Huang
Why is the CCP so resilient?
How did the keju imperial examinations shape Chinese autocracy and culture?
What does South Korea tell us about growth, democratisation and culture?
Discussing his new book: https://yalebooks.co.uk/page/detail/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-east/?k=9780300266368
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