Journalist and historian Catharine Arnold discusses the chaotic history of Bedlam, a notorious mental hospital in London known for questionable treatments and public spectacles. The episode explores the evolution of mental health care, societal perceptions of madness, and the challenges faced by patients. WARNING: adult themes and mental health discussions included.
Bedlam's evolution from a medieval hospital to a mental health institution reflects changing perceptions of mental disorders.
The controversial history of Bedlam sheds light on archaic mental health treatments and the need for reform.
Deep dives
History of Bedlam
Bedlam, originally founded as a medieval hospital for the mentally ill in London, evolved over the years to specialize in mental health. Patients included individuals with various disabilities. The hospital faced controversies, such as a king merging it with another mental health hospital due to noisy patients disturbing his falcons. This led to a reputation depicted in cockney slang as 'Bedlam'. The lack of standardized mental disorder classifications led to individuals with diverse conditions being considered 'mad'.
Treatments and Conditions at Bedlam
During its history, Bedlam implemented various treatments reflecting the understanding of mental health at different times. Practices such as leeching, mustard plasters, and segregation were used. Patients endured harsh conditions, like being chained to walls and suffered varying degrees of institutionalized bullying and mistreatment. Corruption and unethical practices, like diverting donations meant for patients, were observed in the hospital.
Transition and Reform
Efforts for reform and improved treatment approaches emerged over time. Innovators like William Hood and Dr. Tuke introduced moral treatment, focusing on patient well-being and understanding. The shift towards humane care included providing patients with warmth, cleanliness, proper meals, and elements of comfort to aid in recovery. Resistance from traditional practitioners challenged these progressive methods.
Legacy and Modern Perspectives
The legacy of Bedlam reflects a mix of darkness and hope, highlighting past abuses and reforms in mental health care. While historical practices may seem barbaric, stories of progressive treatments for renowned patients like Richard Dad and Louis Wayne offer glimpses of improved approaches. The current mental health landscape calls for increased funding, resources, and destigmatization efforts to support individuals struggling with mental health issues.
Bedlam: a scene of uproar and confusion, a noisy situation with no order or, originally, the slang name for a mental hospital in London… which for a while also happened to be a popular tourist attraction.
From chains on the wall to leeching - the history of mental health treatments is a lesson in questionable science and humanity.
Bethlehem hospital, founded around the 11th century in London, is a study of this history.
Kate is joined Betwixt the Sheets by Catharine Arnold: journalist, academic, popular historian and author of ‘Bedlam: London and Its Mad’.
*WARNING this episode includes adult themes and conversations about mental health*
Produced by Charlotte Long and Sophie Gee. Mixed by Matt Peaty.
Betwixt the Sheets: The History of Sex, Scandal & Society. A podcast by History Hit.
This episode includes music by Epidemic Sound and an archive clip from an American public service announcement from 1952.
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