In this engaging conversation, John Lechner, a specialist in the politics of Russia and private military companies, discusses his book on the infamous Wagner Group. He reveals the complex bureaucratic structures behind PMCs and how they operate, especially in conflict zones like Ukraine and Africa. Lechner contrasts Russian PMCs with American ones, delves into recruitment practices, and shares his experiences from the frontlines. His insights provide a fascinating look into the geopolitical chess games played through mercenary forces.
The Wagner Group exemplifies how private military companies can operate as extensions of state interests, complicating traditional military frameworks.
Recruits to Wagner are motivated by a mix of financial stability and nationalism, illustrating the complex relationship between personal and geopolitical aspirations.
Deep dives
The Origins and Evolution of the Wagner Group
The Wagner Group, founded by Evgeny Prigozhin, emerged from the political and military landscape shaped by Russia's actions in Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East. Initially viewed as merely a niche topic, the group's significance surged following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Prigozhin, leveraging his background in catering to the military, transitioned his ambitions into forming a private military company that initially supported state objectives during conflicts like the annexation of Crimea. As military strategies evolved, Wagner adapted to fill roles traditionally held by state forces, reflecting the complexities of private military involvement in statecraft.
Motivations Behind Wagner's Mercenary Force
The motivations of those who join the Wagner Group are often multifaceted, blending personal ambition with nationalistic sentiments. Many recruits, including patriotic Russian volunteers and ex-military personnel, seek both financial stability and a sense of purpose through combat while believing they are serving greater Russian interests. This dual motivation complicates the perception of mercenaries, as individuals navigate between economic incentives and patriotic ideologies. The diverse backgrounds of these fighters highlight the intricate interplay between personal desires and the broader geopolitical narratives of Russian dominance.
Wagner's Operations in Conflict Zones
Wagner's operational reach extends into various conflict zones, including the Central African Republic and Libya, where their actions often reflect a blend of military and diplomatic engagements. In these regions, Wagner not only provides armed support but also engages in extracting resources, showcasing its ability to function as both mercenaries and businessmen. The group's adaptability allows them to operate in environments where state presence is minimal, exploiting the lack of oversight to expand their influence. This model reflects a new paradigm of warfare where economic interests and military objectives intersect in complex international realities.
The Broader Implications of Private Military Companies
The rise of the Wagner Group signals a shift in how states like Russia utilize private military companies (PMCs) to achieve geopolitical ends while maintaining plausible deniability. PMCs operate within a blurred line between official military operations and private enterprise, often filling gaps left by conventional forces. This evolution not only transforms military strategies but also introduces ethical concerns regarding accountability and oversight in warfare. As global power dynamics continue to shift, the interplay between state and private military interests will shape future conflicts, raising critical questions about the role of PMCs in international relations.
Today’s guest is John Lechner, a writer and researcher. He's here today to talk about his new book about the Wagner Group, a Russian state-funded private military group, or PMC. The book is called Death Is Our Business: Russian Mercenaries and the New Era of Private Warfare, and is out March 4th (you can preorder it here). It’s a crazy read, and draws on multiple trips John took to frontlines in Ukraine, Syria, Libya, the Central African Republic, and Mali.
As a mutual friend told me, “John knows more about the Wagner Group than anyone not in the Wagner Group.” I asked John to help me better understand how state capacity works, through the lens of private military companies.
Some questions I came into our conversation with:
* How does a private military company (PMC) work? What’s the bureaucratic structure of a PMC?
* How does a successful PMC operate? How does it scale?
* How does a state like Russia use a PMC for its own ends (and how do PMCs use states for their own ends)?
* How do Russian PMCs like Wagner compare to American PMCs like Blackwater?
Read the full transcript of this episode at www.statecraft.pub.
This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.statecraft.pub
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