The Role of Iran and Russia in Assad's Survival

Iran's Quds Force played a crucial role in helping Bashar al-Assad maintain power during the Arab Spring, despite facing significant challenges and losses. The Quds Force lacked essential military resources like air power and artillery, prompting Qasem Soleimani to secure increased Russian support. This collaboration involved Iranian ground forces and Russian aerial support, which ultimately helped Assad fend off opposition forces. However, as the situation evolved, additional pressures, including increased Israeli actions against Iranian leaders, diminished the effectiveness of Iran's strategy in Syria.