Chinese Whispers: What China's planned mega-dam means for Asia
Feb 24, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, journalist Isabel Hilton, founder of Dialogue Earth, and Neeraj Singh Manhas, an expert on transboundary rivers, dissect the implications of China's massive new dam project in Tibet. They explain how the Yarlung Tsangpo river's management could fuel tensions between India, Bangladesh, and China. The hidden costs of such projects are explored, revealing concerns over ecological damage and human displacement. They also emphasize the urgent need for diplomatic frameworks to address these complex water politics.
The construction of the Medog Dam in Tibet will significantly impact water politics in Asia, particularly heightening tensions between China, India, and Bangladesh over shared resources.
The potential social and ecological consequences of the dam, including displacement of communities and environmental degradation, highlight the need for sustainable management of water resources.
Deep dives
The Impact of the Medog Mega Dam on Regional Politics
The proposed Medog Dam in Tibet is expected to significantly impact water politics in Asia, particularly affecting India and Bangladesh. This mega dam, which will generate triple the energy of the Three Gorges Dam, has raised concerns in downstream countries due to the Yarlong Zampor river's role in their water supply. China's decision to move forward with this project without adequate consultation has made India and Bangladesh apprehensive about potential water resource reduction and geopolitical tensions. The dam's placement near the Indian border further complicates relationships, making cooperation essential for regional stability and resource sharing.
Tensions Between Countries Over Shared Water Resources
There are historical tensions among China, India, and Bangladesh regarding shared water resources, which lead to suspicion and competition. Each country sees the river as a vital yet contested resource, leading to fears that upper riparians, particularly China, will monopolize its usage. Lack of formal treaties exacerbates these frictions, as countries like India are concerned that unilateral actions by China could negatively affect their water supply. The necessity for effective transboundary agreements is underscored by the absence of a unified management approach, which has allowed disputes to fester unchecked.
Environmental and Human Costs of Dam Construction
The construction of mega dams like the Medog Dam poses significant environmental and human challenges, often resulting in ecological degradation and the displacement of local communities. Historical examples, such as the Three Gorges Dam, highlight the adverse effects, including the displacement of millions and the degradation of water quality. In Tibet, the planned construction raises alarm over potential ecological damage, as damming disrupts natural water flows, affects biodiversity, and can lead to severe sedimentation issues. Furthermore, the social costs of such projects, characterized by local protests and loss of livelihoods, must be weighed against the purported benefits of renewable energy.
Just before the end of 2024, Chinese state media Xinhua slipped out an announcement – the long discussed mega-dam in Medog County, Tibet, has been greenlit. When built, it will generate three times more energy than China’s Three Gorges dam, currently the largest in the world.
The Xinhua write-up gave few other details, but the news has caused reverberations across Asia as the river on which the dam would be built, the Yarlung Tsangpo, flows into both India and Bangladesh. The existence of the dam could, as this episode explains, have extensive impact on these downriver countries.
To break down the complicated water politics of the region, Cindy Yu is joined by Chinese Whispers regular, the journalist Isabel Hilton, who founded the climate NGO Dialogue Earth (formerly known as China Dialogue); and Neeraj Singh Manhas, an expert on transboundary rivers and Asian water politics, currently at South Korea’s Parley Policy Initiative.
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