177. The Vietnam War: Lyndon Johnson, Americanisation, and Operation Rolling Thunder
Aug 14, 2024
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Lyndon B. Johnson wrestled with the consequences of escalating American involvement in Vietnam after JFK's assassination. The fallout from Diem's coup and growing anti-war sentiment are analyzed, contrasting Kennedy's and Johnson's approaches. The devastating impact of Operation Rolling Thunder is explored, along with the stark inequalities in military service among different social classes. Insights into the Vietnamese experience, particularly during the 1968 Tet Offensive, reveal the deep political and emotional complexities faced by both leaders and civilians.
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Quick takeaways
Lyndon B. Johnson's Americanization of the Vietnam War led to increased troop deployments and extensive aerial bombings amid domestic political pressures.
The self-immolation of a Buddhist monk highlighted growing dissent in Vietnam, shifting U.S. public sentiment and prompting a reevaluation of support for Diem's regime.
The Tet Offensive dramatically altered perceptions of the war, revealing stark contrasts between government narratives and the violent reality faced by American forces.
Deep dives
The Impact of Iconic Protests
A significant event discussed is the self-immolation of a Buddhist monk in Saigon, which captured widespread media attention and stirred international outrage. This act of protest highlighted the increasing tensions in Vietnam under the Catholic Diem regime, which was losing support among the predominantly Buddhist population. The monk’s sacrifice not only shocked onlookers but also put pressure on the U.S. government, raising questions about its support for an oppressive regime. The incident marked a pivotal moment in which the image of Buddhists suffering at the hands of the government began to alter public sentiment, leading policymakers to reconsider their approach in Vietnam.
U.S. Involvement and the Coup d'État
The podcast examines the crucial role of the U.S. in the coup that resulted in the overthrow and assassination of President Diem and his brother Nhu. Despite some internal opposition, key figures in Washington provided tacit approval for this violent move, reflecting a shift in strategy as the perception grew that Diem was incapable of winning the conflict against the Viet Cong. The text highlights the complexities within U.S. leadership, where voices of dissent existed, yet ultimately approved plans to remove Diem from power. This coup led to significant instability and foreshadowed the ongoing escalation of U.S. military involvement.
The Shift to Americanization of the War
Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency marked a critical transition towards the full Americanization of the Vietnam War, characterized by a significant increase in troop deployment and military action. After the assassination of Kennedy and the ensuing insecurity, Johnson made a decision to escalate military involvement, believing it essential to prevent the loss of South Vietnam. The episode discusses how Johnson, primarily motivated by geopolitical considerations and domestic political pressures, authorized extensive aerial bombings and ground troop deployments. This escalation not only changed the course of the war but also intensified public scrutiny and opposition back home.
Tet Offensive and Its Aftermath
The Tet Offensive in early 1968 represented a turning point in the Vietnam War, showcasing the Viet Cong's ability to coordinate a massive surprise attack across South Vietnam, despite its military failures. The offensive created a stark contrast between official U.S. government narratives of progress and the brutal realities faced by American forces, subsequently changing public perception of the war. Walter Cronkite and other journalists highlighted the futility of the efforts, further deepening disillusionment among Americans. The political ramifications led to declining support for the war and contributed to Johnson's decision not to seek re-election.
Lyndon Johnson's Legacy and Departure
The podcast discusses the immense pressures and challenges faced by Lyndon Johnson as he navigated the complexities of the Vietnam War. His announcement in March 1968 that he would not seek re-election came as a shock, underlining the toll the conflict had taken on his presidency and mental state. The growing anti-war sentiment and increasing criticism from both political figures and the public weighed heavily on him, leading to a sense of failure. Johnson's withdrawal from the race marked a significant turning point, allowing for a shift in U.S. political dynamics concerning the ongoing war.
With the death of JFK, Lyndon B. Johnson took over the Presidency and immediately had to wrestle with America’s relationship with Vietnam after the killing of Diem. Right from the start he prophesised that it would be his downfall and so it was. He consistently resented it and the distraction it was from his domestic agenda, the Great Society. Over his five years in charge, LBJ Americanised the war, committing more and more troops to Vietnam, and initiating massive bombing campaigns known as Operation Rolling Thunder, putting America into a quagmire. But was this inevitable? Would JFK have done things differently? Listen as William and Anita are once again joined by Fredrik Logevall to find out.
Twitter: @Empirepoduk
Email: empirepoduk@gmail.com
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Assistant Producers: Anouska Lewis and Alice Horrell