Cosmological Apologetics: For and Against Creation | Prof. William E. Carroll
Feb 7, 2025
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In this enlightening discussion, William E. Carroll, a retired professor of philosophy and history of science from the Aquinas Institute, dives into the intricate relationship between cosmology and the concept of creation. He examines how modern theories like the Big Bang imply a creator while addressing the challenges posed by notions of an eternal universe. Carroll revisits medieval Aristotelian ideas, shedding light on philosophical perspectives on creation and causality. His insights bridge the historical and contemporary, merging science with deep theological questions.
Big Bang cosmology suggests a definitive beginning to the universe, often interpreted as evidence of a divine creator's existence.
Modern theories like multiverse concepts challenge traditional views of creation, complicating the link between a universe's beginning and divine causation.
Deep dives
The Link Between Cosmology and Creation
Big Bang cosmology posits that the universe has a definitive beginning, which many interpret as evidence of a creator or divine cause. This view aligns with traditional Christian doctrine, particularly as articulated by Pope Pius XII, who asserted that science increasingly reveals God through the study of nature. The argument follows that if the universe commenced from a singularity, it requires an external cause, which many attribute to God. However, the lecture also highlights that while these cosmological claims often affirm a creator, they do not definitively establish a causal link between the universe's beginning and its creation.
Contemporary Cosmological Theories and Creation
Modern cosmological theories often challenge the idea of a created universe by proposing concepts like eternal cycles of Big Bangs or a multiverse, which complicate the connection between a beginning and creation. Stephen Hawking exemplifies this perspective by suggesting that spontaneous creation explains the universe's existence without invoking a creator. He argues that since time as we understand it did not exist at the supposed beginning, the relationship of cause and effect becomes meaningless. This rejection of an initial cause presents a direct challenge to traditional cosmological arguments that assert a necessary link between a beginning and a creator.
The Philosophical and Theological Dimensions of Creation
Creation should be understood as a metaphysical and theological act, going beyond mere changes in the universe, which cosmology primarily addresses. The traditional notion posits that creation out of nothing signifies God's ability to bring the universe into existence without any pre-existing material. This understanding leads to the conclusion that creation is not contingent upon the universe having a temporal beginning; rather, even an eternal universe could be created. Ultimately, the lecture emphasizes that cosmological arguments fail to address the deeper theological question of why there is something rather than nothing.
Distinction Between Temporal Beginning and Creation
The discourse illuminates important distinctions between the temporal beginning of the universe and its status as a created entity. Thomas Aquinas recognized the complexity inherent in the idea of an eternal universe co-existing with creation, suggesting that while faith might affirm a temporal beginning, reason alone cannot definitively assert it. This nuanced position allows for the possibility that the universe could be both eternal and created, as the act of creation is fundamentally tied to God's sustaining power. By disentangling the concepts of 'beginning' and 'creation,' the lecture challenges the common misconception that creation must inherently imply a finite timeframe.
Does the Big Bang prove God? In this lecture, Prof. William E. Carroll explores how cosmological arguments for and against a creator often get it wrong by confusing creation with a temporal beginning, a mistake that Thomas Aquinas can help us avoid.
Prof. Carroll discusses the use of cosmological arguments, specifically Big Bang cosmology, to argue for or against the existence of a creator. He contends that these arguments often oversimplify the relationship between a beginning and creation, and are therefore inadequate. Carroll suggests that Thomas Aquinas's analysis of creation provides a more nuanced understanding that avoids the pitfalls of relying solely on cosmological models.
This lecture was given on October 14th, 2024, at Mount Saint Mary College. For more information on upcoming events, visit us at thomisticinstitute.org/upcoming-events.
About the Speaker:
Professor William E. Carroll has recently retired from research and teaching at the Aquinas Institute of Blackfriars in the University of Oxford. For the past two years he has been a Visiting Professor at the Zhongnan University of Economics and Law (Wuhan, China), and at the Hongyi Honor College of Wuhan University. He is a European intellectual historian and historian of science whose research and teaching concern: 1) the reception of Aristotelian science in mediaeval Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, and the development of the doctrine of creation, and 2) the encounter between Galileo and the Inquisition. He has also written extensively on the ways in which mediaeval discussions of the relationship among the natural sciences, philosophy, and theology can be useful in contemporary questions arising from developments in biology and cosmology. He is the author of four books: Aquinas on Creation; La Creación y las Ciencias Naturales: Actualidad de Santo Tomás de Aquino; Galileo: Science and Faith; and Creation and Science (with translations in Slovak, Spanish, and Chinese). His published work has appeared in 12 languages. Over many years he has written more than 25 op-ed pieces for Public Discourse, the web site of the Witherspoon Institute at Princeton.
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