Spiritual-Not-Religious: Orphic Mysteries and Modern Attitudes, with Dr. Michael Horton
Sep 10, 2024
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Dr. Michael Horton, a scholar of historical spirituality, dives into the ancient roots of the 'spiritual but not religious' trend. He connects Orphic mysteries to early Christianity, revealing how shamanism influenced spiritual practices. Horton discusses the tension between ancient beliefs and theological developments, particularly regarding afterlife views and divine providence. He highlights the philosophical intersections of ascension themes in Christianity and ancient myths, illustrating their ongoing relevance in today’s culture and spirituality.
The historical roots of the 'spiritual but not religious' movement trace back to ancient cultures like Orphism and shamanism.
Early Christians navigated Hellenistic thought to distinguish their faith from prevailing mystical ideas, informing modern spiritual practices.
Deep dives
The Rise of Shamans and Spiritual Movements
In the sixth century BC, a cultural trend emerged across the Persian Empire where shamans began to gain prominence, becoming figures of interest in society. This marked a shift from traditional religious practices, with priests maintaining distance from the spirit world, to a fascination with magic, spirits, and seances often facilitated by shamans. As social and spiritual life evolved, early philosophers began to adopt shaman-like qualities, blending ideas from newly established religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism with philosophies like Zoroastrianism and ancient Greek thought. This historical shift highlights the roots of 'spiritual but not religious' sentiments that continue to resonate in contemporary culture.
Orphic Mysteries and Greek Philosophy
Orphism, associated with the legendary figure Orpheus, played a significant role in the philosophical developments of ancient Greece, intertwining music, mysticism, and mythology. Orpheus was believed to possess enchanting powers, bridging worlds and facilitating divine experiences, which influenced the cultural narrative of the time, including the rise of Greek drama. This Orphic tradition was characterized by a metaphysical view that suggested reality emanates from a divine source rather than being created, fundamentally opposing the theistic perspective found in Christianity. The interplay between Orphism and early Greek philosophy laid important groundwork for understanding the philosophical challenges faced by early Christians.
Christianity's Intersection with Hellenistic Thought
Early Christians engaged with Hellenistic thought, particularly through the works of philosophers like Plato, while navigating the complexities of their faith against prevailing metaphysical ideas. Although many early Christian writers were influenced by Platonic thought, they often sought to differentiate their beliefs, particularly in understanding the nature of God and the physical world. This led to distinctive interpretations of scripture, where figures like Irenaeus emphasized the literal, embodied aspects of Christianity against the backdrop of Gnostic tendencies, which were deeply entwined with Orphic beliefs. The historical engagement with these philosophies reveals the ongoing challenge for Christianity to remain distinct while engaging with culturally relevant ideas.
Lessons for Contemporary Faith Practices
The resurgence of 'spiritual but not religious' trends today echoes similar movements throughout history, suggesting a deeper spiritual longing that resonates with many individuals. Pastors are encouraged to recognize this phenomenon as a recurring undercurrent in Western spirituality, which has often coexisted with Christianity. By understanding the historical roots of such beliefs, church leaders can better address the autonomous spiritual desires that may lead individuals away from traditional religious practice. This awareness emphasizes the importance for contemporary faith communities to articulate clear theological foundations while engaging with the cultural landscape shaped by these historical precedents.
Do you assume that being “spiritual but not religious” is a fad of modernism? Think again. It goes way, way back into history. Dr. Michael Horton joins Derek, Matt, and Alastair to talk about this attitude from the cults of Orpheus in ancient Persia through Neo-Platonism and it’s influence on Christianity and even the language of ascent in the Reformers. Join us for a wild ride that ends with your friendly neighborhood Instagram influencer.
Full show notes at www.merefidelity.com.
Timestamps:
A Definitely Interesting Book [0:00]
Why did it have to be shamans? [3:05]
Disorganized Religion [7:18]
Orpheus and Natural Supernaturalism [9:38]
Plato and Christianity [14:08]
Ritual Creep [20:37]
Irenaeus vs Origen [26:05]
History of Religion [33:13]
I can haz ascent? [39:10]
Popular Gnosticism [48:21]
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