U.S. Policy in the Middle East, With Steven A. Cook
Jun 4, 2024
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Steven A. Cook, a Middle East expert, discusses US policy in the region, highlighting shifts from ambitious goals to pragmatic approaches. They explore historical events like the Iranian Revolution and challenges in promoting democracy. The conversation emphasizes the need for nuanced strategies and clear assessments to navigate the complexities of the Middle East.
U.S. Middle East policy focused on energy flow and Israeli security pre-1991, ensuring stability amidst challenges.
Post-1991, U.S. aimed at democratic revolutions in the Middle East, facing setbacks and the need for a balanced approach.
Deep dives
The Success of U.S. Policy in the Middle East (1945-1991)
Between 1945 and 1991, U.S. policy in the Middle East focused on securing the free flow of energy resources and protecting Israeli security. This period marked a successful era where America's interests were secure despite setbacks like the Iran Revolution. By emphasizing core interests and strategic partnerships, the U.S. maintained dominance and stability in the region.
Shift in U.S. Policy Post-1991
After 1991, the U.S. faced a shift in policy as the country became the lone superpower. This led to a period of transformative efforts driven by the belief in remaking the Middle East through democratic revolutions. The Clinton Administration aimed to promote peace, assuming democratization would naturally follow, but these idealistic goals ultimately faced challenges and setbacks.
Stephen Cook proposes a strategy of 'prudential conservatism' for U.S. policy in the Middle East. He suggests focusing on preventing threats to energy flow, safeguarding Israeli security through innovative agreements, and addressing non-proliferation, counterterrorism, climate adaptability, and great power competition. This approach aligns policy with core interests and emphasizes strategic stability.
Conclusion and Reflection on U.S. Foreign Policy Direction
In conclusion, Stephen Cook highlights the need for a balanced approach to the Middle East, avoiding radical shifts like withdrawal or overinvestment. By prioritizing core interests and recalibrating policies towards pragmatic goals, the U.S. can navigate the complex geopolitical landscape effectively. Cook's insights offer a nuanced perspective on shaping future foreign policy in the region.
Steven A. Cook, the Eni Enrico Mattei Senior Fellow for Middle East and Africa Studies at CFR, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the United States’ past, present, and future policy in the Middle East.