Damon Scott, "The City Aroused: Queer Places and Urban Redevelopment in Postwar San Francisco" (U Texas Press, 2024)
Jan 25, 2024
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Historian and author Damon Scott discusses the impact of urban development on queer political identity in postwar San Francisco. He explores the history of waterfront drinking establishments that became gay bars, the shift from containment to displacement of queer spaces, and the collective response of LGBTQ+ communities. Topics covered include queer land use, racial integration, bar raids, police graft, flourishing queer land uses, and the importance of queer spaces in urban redevelopment.
The queer waterfront in post-war San Francisco was a vibrant community that played a significant role in asserting rights and promoting social solidarity through politically mobilized and organized land uses.
The redevelopment of the queer waterfront during the 1960s led to the displacement and closure of many politically mobilized and organized queer spaces, marking the end of a thriving community.
The legacy of the queer waterfront's struggles, resilience, and contributions to the gay rights movement is a vital part of understanding LGBTQ+ history and advocating for LGBTQ+ rights.
Deep dives
The Queer Waterfront: A Flourishing Community
During the late 1950s to early 1960s, the queer waterfront in post-war San Francisco was a flourishing community with a vibrant bar culture. This period saw the emergence of politically mobilized and organized queer land uses, which played a significant role in asserting rights and promoting social solidarity. Key figures like Jose Sarria rallied people, organized fundraisers, and fought against police crackdowns. The waterfront became a space for queer nightlife, where drag shows, fundraisers, and political organizing took place. Despite facing eviction and harassment, the community remained resilient and created a sense of shared public memory even after the destruction and redevelopment of the waterfront.
The Creative Destruction of the Waterfront
The 1960s marked a period of intense change and redevelopment for the queer waterfront in San Francisco. The area was declared blighted, leading to the acquisition of land and buildings for public use. This displacement had a significant impact on the queer community, particularly on politically mobilized and organized spaces. While some bars managed to survive, others faced eviction, shutting down, or bankruptcy. Law enforcement played a complex role, with some bars experiencing swift and damaging crackdowns, while others were subject to a more controlled and managed approach. This period marked the end of the thriving queer waterfront as spaces were demolished and replaced by new developments.
The Legacy of the Queer Waterfront
Though the queer waterfront in San Francisco was physically demolished and redeveloped in the 1960s, its impact and memory continued to resonate. The community's history of social solidarity, political organizing, and resistance shaped the foundations of the gay rights movement. The struggles faced by queer bars and public spaces in the face of eviction and harassment laid the groundwork for the establishment of queer communities and institutions that followed. The creative destruction of the waterfront left a lasting legacy on the city's queer history and the fight for queer rights.
Building Bridges: The Queer Waterfront and Urban Redevelopment
The queer waterfront's transformation coincided with broader urban redevelopment plans in post-war San Francisco. The city leadership saw the opportunity to reimagine and rebuild the waterfront, shifting from a maritime-focused area to a more automobile-centric and financially driven core. The declaration of blight, the acquisition of land, and the demolition of existing buildings were part of a larger strategy to reshape the urban landscape. The queer waterfront became a casualty of these plans, as former gathering spaces and communities were displaced. This history sheds light on the intersections between queer life, urban development, and the political forces at play in San Francisco during this time.
Looking Ahead: The Importance of Recognizing Queer History
While the physical queer waterfront is no longer present, the stories and experiences of those who lived it should not be forgotten. Acknowledging and preserving the history of the queer waterfront is vital for understanding the struggles, resilience, and contributions of the LGBTQ+ community. It also challenges the traditional narrative of the gay rights movement, highlighting the significance of early social gatherings, political organizing, and bar cultures in shaping LGBTQ+ identity and rights. By recognizing and appreciating this history, we can continue to advocate for LGBTQ+ rights and ensure that queer voices and stories are part of our collective memory.
The City Aroused: Queer Places and Urban Redevelopment in Postwar San Francisco (University of Texas Press, 2024) by Dr. Damon Scott is a lively history of urban development and its influence on queer political identity in postwar San Francisco. By reconstructing the planning and queer history of waterfront drinking establishments, Dr. Scott shows that urban renewal was a catalyst for community organising among racially diverse operators and patrons with far-reaching implications for the national gay rights movement.
Following the exclusion of suspected homosexuals from the maritime trades in West Coast ports in the early 1950s, seamen's hangouts in the city came to resemble gay bars. Local officials responded by containing the influx of gay men to a strip of bars on the central waterfront while also making plans to raze and rebuild the area. This practice ended when city redevelopment officials began acquiring land in the early 1960s. Aided by law enforcement, they put these queer social clubs out of business, replacing them with heteronormative, desexualized land uses that served larger postwar urban development goals. Dr. Scott argues that this shift from queer containment to displacement aroused a collective response among gay and transgender drinking publics who united in solidarity to secure a place in the rapidly changing urban landscape.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose forthcoming book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.