Guests Karen Dempsey, Ben Jervis, and Eleanor Janega discuss the transition from feudalism to capitalism in the British Isles of the Middle Ages. They explore topics like the origins of capitalism, life in medieval cities, London's prosperity in the 14th century, the Peasants' Revolt, and spending habits of the wealthy.
Under feudalism, wealth accumulation was not used to create more capital but consumed, contrasting with capitalism's focus on wealth creation.
Feudal societies emphasized communal living and limited money exchange, contrasting with capitalism's individual wealth accumulation and economic agency.
Deep dives
Medieval Peasant Life in Cosmeston Village
Despite a dark and cramped one-room cottage, medieval peasant households in Cosmeston Village lived a communal life, sharing work and resources. Villagers farmed wheat and barley, raised animals, provided dairy products, and engaged in craft activities. The village operated as a self-contained unit, with minimal money exchange and emphasis on communal living and labor.
The Peasants' Revolt and Feudalism's Breakdown
The Peasants' Revolt in 1381 challenged the feudal system's exploitation of peasants and demanded social and economic equality. Under feudalism, wealthy elites accumulated wealth without using it to generate more capital. Feudalism's collapse gave rise to challenges to class divisions and heralded the end of unfree labor in the transition to a new economic system.
Capitalism's Emergence and Economic Mobility
The transition to capitalism from feudalism involved a shift in economic behavior, where capital was no longer confined to consumption but utilized to create wealth. Unlike in feudal times, laborers under capitalism had greater economic agency, worked for wages, and had more economic mobility. The emergence of corporations and markets fueled economic growth and changed the dynamics of wealth accumulation.
Comparing Pre-Capitalist Societies and Capitalism
Before capitalism, societies like feudal Europe featured stark class divisions and wealth accumulation by a wealthy ruling class. In contrast, pre-capitalist societies focused on communal living, limited exchange of money, and wealth spread among the populace. Capitalism marked a shift where individuals could accumulate wealth through investment and entrepreneurship, reshaping economic structures and social mobility.
To fully grasp capitalism, it helps to understand the system it replaced – and the most meaningful differences between feudalism and capitalism. We visit the British Isles of the Middle Ages.
By John Biewen, with co-host Ellen McGirt. Interviews with Karen Dempsey, Ben Jervis, and Eleanor Janega. Story editor: Loretta Williams. Music by Michelle Osis, Lilli Haydn, Chris Westlake, Alex Symcox, and Goodnight, Lucas. Music consulting by Joe Augustine of Narrative Music. “Capitalism” is a production of the Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University, in partnership with Imperative 21.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode